20.500.12556/DKUM-69956 Izpostavljenost nitratom v živilih Exposure to nitrates in foodstuffs V magistrskem delu smo predstavili koncentracije nitratov v listnati zelenjavi - zeleni solati, endiviji, ledenki, listih rdeče pese, špinači, rukoli ter motovilcu. Na podlagi dostopnih podatkov vnosa nitratov z listnato zelenjavo v prehrani prebivalcev Slovenije, smo naredili primerjavo z ostalimi poznanimi viri vnosa nitratov v prehrani (pitna voda in aditivi) ter ocenili tveganje za zdravje ljudi. Za raziskavo smo uporabili podatke uradnega nadzora v Sloveniji, ki ga v RS izvaja Uprava za varno hrano, veterinarstvo in varstvo rastlin (UVHVVR), v sodelovanju z Nacionalnim laboratorijem za zdravje okolje in hrano (NLZOH), o koncentracijah nitratov v različnih vrstah listnate zelenjave v letih 2011 do 2014. Za porabo listnate zelenjave pri prebivalcih Slovenije smo uporabili podatke Statističnega urada RS - Anketa o porabi v gospodinjstvih, 2012. Vnos nitratov smo na podlagi podatkov, ki so trenutno na voljo v RS izračunali skladno z metodologijo Evropske agencije za varnost hrane. Ugotovili smo, da koncentracije nitratov v listnati zelenjavi v povprečju ne presegajo zakonskih mejnih vrednosti, občasno pa izstopajo posamezni odvzeti vzorci rukole ali listov rdeče pese. Najvišje povprečne koncentracije nitratov so bile pričakovano v vzorcih v mesecu novembru, najnižje pa v mesecu juniju. Iz Ankete o porabi v gospodinjstvih (SURS, 2012) smo ugotovili, da prebivalec Slovenije na leto v povprečju zaužije 84,4 kg zelenjave, od tega 10,1 kg listnate in stebelne zelenjave. Zelena solata prispeva največ k povprečnemu dnevnemu vnosu nitratov iz listnate zelenjave, ocenjeni povprečni vnos je 0,36 mg NO3/kgtm/dan. Iz dobljenih rezultatov lahko ugotovimo, da v povprečju vnos nitratov iz listnate zelenjave ne predstavlja tveganja za zdravje prebivalcev Slovenije. Naše ocene kažejo, da je teoretični največji dnevni vnos preko aditivov v živilih nekoliko v prednosti pred vnosom s pitno vodo in vnosom z listnato zelenjavo. Naše ocene so tudi odraz prehranskih navad prebivalcev Slovenije, saj je vnos zelenjave precej pod priporočenimi količinami, zaužite količine mesnih izdelkov pa so visoke. The thesis deals with the concentration of nitrates in leaf vegetable: green lettuce, endive, iceberg lettuce, beetroot’s leafs, spinach, rocket and corn salad. Based on the available data on the nitrate intake from leaf vegetables of Slovenian population, we made a comparison with other known sources of nitrates (tap water and additives) and estimated health risks. We used the data gathered by Slovenian Administration for Food safety, Veterinary and Plant protection and National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food on the concentration of nitrates in different sorts of leaf vegetables between 2011-2014. We also used the data of the Statistical Office of Republic of Slovenia – Survey on consumption in households, 2012 (SURS Survey 2012), concerning the consumption of leaf vegetable of the Slovenian population. We calculated the intake of nitrates based on the available data and the methodology used by European Food Safety Authority. From that, we concluded that concentration of nitrates in leaf vegetable in general does not exceed statutory limits, with occasional exception of individual samples of rocket and beetroot’s leafs. The highest average concentration of nitrates were found in samples taken in November, and the lowest in samples taken in June, which was to be expected. Based on the SURS Survey 2012 we concluded, that an average Slovenian citizen consumes 84,4 kg of vegetables annually, of which leaf and stem vegetable constitutes 10,1 kg. Green lettuce is the major part of daily nitrate intake from leaf vegetables, an estimated intake is 0,36 mg NO3/kgtm/day. We can conclude that an average nitrate intake from leaf vegetables poses no health risks for Slovenian population. Our estimations show that a hypothetical maximum daily intake from food additives surpasses the intake from tap water and leaf vegetable. Our estimates reflect the dietary habits of Slovenian population, since the consumption of leaf vegetables remains well below the recommended amounts, while the amount of meat products remain high. nitrati pitna voda listnata zelenjava aditivi vnos Nitrates drinking wather leafy vegetables additives input true true false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2018-03-19 23:00:26 2018-04-20 10:51:27 2022-08-01 18:36:39 2019-07-11 17:50:19 2018 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 URN:SI:UM:DK:KFL1UMQZ MAG_Kocjan_Sabina_2018.pdf MAG_Kocjan_Sabina_2018.pdf 1 E7305A554A4F8CE138401B2D96E5BA10 cd6881ae280362734599c0e16c2fba0980932fdd06e55a02292d7a42065c5bb8 e1e4ebb8-7c0f-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/7d41399d-9289-44e9-9eaf-e2abae22efa6 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=123831 Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede 0 0 0