20.500.12556/DKUM-70370 Pridobitev državljanstva po slovenskem in španskem pravnem sistemu Acquisition of Citizenship by Slovene and Spain Legal System Pravni institut državljanstva je urejen v nacionalnih zakonodajah. Temelji na suvereni pravici posamezne države, da v svojem pravnem redu sama določi komu in na kakšen način bo podelila državljanstvo. Takšno urejanje mnogokrat privede do razlik v ureditvah državljanstva med državami. Državljanstva ni moč ubesediti v eni razlagi, lahko pa ga opredelimo na več načinov. Gre za celovit ter kompleksen odnos med posameznikom in državo, pri čemer to razmerje vzpostavlja odnos medsebojnih pravic in dolžnosti. Državljanstvo je opredeljeno tudi kot specifični pravni status, iz katerega izvirajo politične, državljanske in socialno-ekonomske pravice ter svoboščine. Ob tem določa tudi pravno opredeljene obveznosti države do posameznika, ki se vežejo na državljanstvo ter nasprotno. Državljanstvo kot temelj vsake države je temu primerno tudi urejeno. Slovenska pravna ureditev na podlagi Ustave Republike Slovenije državljanstvo ureja v Zakonu o državljanstvu Republike Slovenije (ZDRS), ki je krovni akt na tem področju. Španska nacionalna zakonodaja ne pozna posameznega akta, ki bi urejal to področje. V Ustavi Kraljevine Španije (Constitución Española) je določeno, da državljanstvo urejajo posamezni členi Civilnega zakonika (Código Civil). Kot dopolnitev nacionalnega državljanstva, se je v pravu Evropske unije uveljavilo državljanstvo Unije, ki ga lahko razumemo kot neke vrste postnacionalno državljanstvo. V praksi ni tako izrazito izraženo kot nacionalna državljanstva, vendar je kljub temu zelo pomemben institut, ki omogoča državljanom Unije nove oblike državljanske udeležbe ter pravice in dolžnosti onkraj narodnostne ravni. Raznolikosti zakonodaj na področju državljanstva posledično privedejo tudi do stanja, ko oseba nima državljanstva (apatrid) ali pa vodijo v drugo skrajnost, ko posameznik pridobi državljanstvo dveh ali več držav (bipatridi ali polipatridi). Institut državljanstva je dinamičen pravni koncept, ki je predvsem odvisen od družbenih ter političnih sprememb tako na ravni držav kot tudi mednarodne skupnosti. The legal institution of citizenship is governed by national laws. It is based on the sovereign right of each state to determine in its own legal order to whom and how it will grant citizenship. Such arrangement often leads to differences in the regulations of citizenship between countries. Citizenship cannot be verbalised in one interpretation, but we can define it in many ways. It is a comprehensive and complex relationship between the individual and the state, whereby this relationship establishes the relation of mutual rights and duties. Citizenship is also defined as a specific legal status, from which the political, civil and socio-economic rights and freedoms originate. In addition, it also determines the legally defined obligations of the State to the individual which relate to citizenship and vice versa. Citizenship as the foundation of each country is appropriately regulated. Slovenian legislation on the basis of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia regulates citizenship in the Citizenship of the Republic of Slovenia Act (ZDRS), which is the umbrella act in this field. The Spanish national legislation is not familiar with a single act governing this field. The Constitution of the Kingdom of Spain (Constitución Española) provides that citizenship is governed by individual articles of the Civil Code (Código Civil). As a supplement to national citizenship, Union citizenship has been introduced in the law of the European Union, which can be understood as a kind of post-national citizenship. In practice, it is not as distinctly expressed as national citizenships, but it is a very important institution that enables citizens of the Union to have new forms of civic participation and rights and obligations beyond the national level. The diversity of citizenship laws consequently leads to a situation in which a person does not have citizenship (statelessness) or leads to another extreme when an individual acquires the citizenship of two or more countries (dual or multiple citizenship). The Institute of Citizenship is a dynamic legal concept, which is mainly dependent on social and political changes both at the state and international level. državljanstvo pridobitev državljanstva državljanstvo Evropske unije pravice državljanov državljanstvo Slovenije državljanstvo Španije dvojno državljanstvo. Keywords: citizenship the acquisition of citizenship citizenship of the European Union rights of citizens citizenship of Slovenia citizenship of Spain dual citizenship. true true false N. Strašek] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2018-05-08 11:32:43 2018-05-28 13:30:46 2022-08-01 19:15:01 2019-07-11 18:04:57 2018 0 [Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 342.71(043.3) 5583915 URN:SI:UM:DK:SRMU404J MAG_Strasek_Nadja_2018.pdf MAG_Strasek_Nadja_2018.pdf 1 E13B17B531F54B3A6210604FAC2AA6E2 0b26ca2b5299989b5b3e5309af77a93c6fcf3522042923b903d3f1d08da04092 ef01438d-7c0f-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/bd8d7a63-45fe-4092-a065-0d0e761bdcbf https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=124392 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0