20.500.12556/DKUM-70685 Optimization of the high safety pillars for the underground excavation of natural stone blocks Optimiranje in spremljava visokih varnostnih stebrov pri podzemnem pridobivanju blokov naravnega kamna For the first time in Slovenia, the underground excavation of natural stone blocks was introduced on a trial basis at the Hotavlje I colourful limestone quarry in 1993, and in 2002 also at the Lipica II quarry. This was primarily because of the geological structure of the site, the quarry’s condition, the potentially large amounts of the overburden in the event of an expansion of the surface part of the quarry, and the increasing needs for this raw material, i.e., natural stone. Underground The underground excavation of natural stone blocks is done using a modified room-and-pillar excavation method that is adjusted to each site’s characteristics, with regularly or irregularly distributed high safety pillars. Since the underground excavation of natural stone blocks is performed at a relatively shallow level under the surface, i.e., at a depth of only 10-40 m, the value of the primary vertical stress state is also relatively low (<1.0 MPa). This significantly increases the risk of wedge-shaped pieces or blocks falling out of the ceiling in open, underground spaces. In previous years, special attention was paid to the installation of stress-strain systems for controlling the planned dimensions (width and height) of large, open, underground spaces (rooms) and the dimensions of the high safety pillars, along with continual monitoring and identification of the instability phenomena in the ceiling and sides of the large open spaces (rooms). The paper presents the procedures for the planning, optimization and monitoring of high safety pillars for the underground excavation of natural stone blocks. Podzemno pridobivanje blokov naravnega kamna se je kot prvo v Sloveniji, pričelo poskusno uvajati leta 1993 v kamnolomu pisanega apnenca Hotavlje I in leta 2001 v kamnolomu Lipica II predvsem zaradi geološke zgradbe nahajališča, stanja kamnoloma, velikih količin odkrivke v primeru širjenja površinskega dela kamnoloma in zaradi vse večjih potrebah po surovini naravnem kamnu. Podzemno pridobivanje blokov naravnega kamna se izvaja z nahajališču prilagojeno oz. modificirano komorno-steberno odkopno metodo z pravilno/nepravilno razporejenimi visokimi varnostnimi stebri. Ker se podzemno pridobivanje blokov naravnega kamna izvaja relativno plitvo pod površino 10-40 m, je vrednost primarnega vertikalnega napetostnega stanja relativno nizka (<1.0 MPa) in s tem tudi znatno povečana možnost izpada klinov oz. blokov iz stopa odprtih podzemnih prostorov. V preteklih letih smo posebno pozornost namenili vgradnji napetostnih in deformacijskih sistemov za kontrolo načrtovanih dimenzij (širine in višine) velikih odprtih podzemnih prostorov (komor) in dimenzij visokih varnostnih stebrov ter sprotno spremljavo ter identifikacijo pojavov nestabilnosti v stropu in bokih velikih odprtih prostorov (komor). V članku so predstavljeni postopki za načrtovanje, optimiranje in spremljavo visokih varnostnih stebrov pri podzemnem pridobivanju blokov naravnega kamna. natural stone high safety pillars room-and-pillar mining method underground mining quarry naravni kamen visoki varnostni steber komorno-steberna odkopna metoda podzemno pridobivanje kamnolom true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Fakulteta za gradbeništvo, prometno inženirstvo in arhitekturo Univerze v Mariboru Znanstveno delo 2018-06-06 11:00:42 2018-06-06 11:01:44 2022-08-01 19:40:50 2019-07-11 18:16:09 2009 0 0 str. 34-48 št. 1 Letn. 6 2009 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1854-0171 622.35 215987712 948831 1854-0171 URN:SI:UM:DK:TBM1F0WQ Acta_geotechnica_Slovenica_2009_Kortnik_Optimization_of_the_high_safety_pillars_for_the_underground_excavation_of_natural_stone_blocks.pdf Acta_geotechnica_Slovenica_2009_Kortnik_Optimization_of_the_high_safety_pillars_for_the_underground_excavation_of_natural_stone_blocks.pdf 1 5213E009A86B7E30B9D63C592263503A ad3003542fce0b6219d46650b2ee81755d06ab6404d7f320d9ce33f2c5e96099 00ac8ed0-7c10-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/c8c0f0f9-f266-43f6-8807-e29c8ac2c133 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=125318 http://fgserver3.fg.um.si/journal-ags/2009-1/article-3.asp 1 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=125317 Fakulteta za gradbeništvo, prometno inženirstvo in arhitekturo Acta geotechnica Slovenica 0 0 0