20.500.12556/DKUM-70786 Simboli nestrpnosti na športnih prireditvah diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo Hate symbols at sporting events Splošno znano je, da so športne prireditve že vrsto let deležne nasilnih in drugih odklonskih vedenj, do katerih prihaja s strani različnih navijaških skupin. Do takšnih vedenj v največji meri prihaja na nogometnih tekmah, tako da lahko rečemo, da so za skrajneže prav nogometni stadioni nekakšen poligon oziroma motivacijski prostor za izražanje nestrpnosti, kjer kažejo razne etnične, verske, lokalne, nacionalne, stanovske in druge vrste pripadnosti. Skozi diplomsko delo smo se predvsem osredotočili na nestrpnost navijačev in uporabo njihove simbolike v okviru aktivnosti, ki jih izvajajo. Najprej smo na kratko predstavili nasilje na športnih prireditvah. Predvsem smo se osredotočili na nogometne tekme in nogometno publiko, kjer nasilje prihaja najbolj do izraza. V nadaljevanju smo predstavili oblike nestrpnih vedenj navijačev, kot so vandalizem, huliganizem, nacionalizem in rasizem ter neonacizem. V največji meri smo se osredotočili na simboliko navijaških skupin, katero je Združenje evropskih nogometnih zvez v okviru organizacije Football Against Racism in Europa predstavilo kot nestrpno in njihovo razkazovanje ter uporabo prepovedalo na nogometnih stadionih v času nogometnih tekem. Te simbole smo podrobno opisali in slikovno prikazali. Predstavili smo njihov pomen skozi čas, saj večina le-teh prvotno ni imelo nestrpnega pomena, temveč je šlo v največji meri za verske simbole. Največ teh simbolov je pridobilo nestrpen pomen v času nacistične Nemčije, ko jih je Adolf Hitler prevzel kot razpoznavne znake nacizma. Po drugi svetovni vojni so jih v uporabo prevzeli neonacisti ter drugi pripadniki raznih rasističnih gibanj in so s takšnim pomenom v uporabi še danes. Predstavljenih je nekaj primerov, ko je do razkazovanja nestrpnih simbolov prišlo na nogometnih tekmah v Republiki Sloveniji. Predstavili smo tudi pravno ureditev v Republiki Slovenije, kjer smo se osredotočili na zakonodajo, katera ureja potek športnih prireditev in ukrepe v primeru kršitev, bodisi v zvezi nasilja oziroma nestrpnosti. Opredelili smo naloge organizatorja, rediteljske službe, policije in Nogometne zveze Slovenije ter opisali potek vzdrževanja javnega reda in miru na športnih prireditvah. V zaključku smo skozi razpravo predstavili, ali je nestrpna simbolika prisotna tudi na športnih prireditvah v Republiki Sloveniji, kateri nestrpni simboli se najpogosteje uporabljajo in na katerih športnih prireditvah najbolj izstopajo ter kako je urejena uporaba teh simbolov na športnih prireditvah. As it is generally known deviant behaviour and violence which is caused by football fans is imperative in recent years. We can claim football stadiums are kind of polygons for expression of intolerance and ethnic, religious, local, national and other kind of affiliations. In thesis we were focused above all on the intolerance of supporters and symbolism which they use. In general we have presented violence and aggression by the supporters, which is inherently part of football. We have presented several forms of intolerant behaviour by supporters, such as vandalism, hooliganism, nationalism, racism and neo-Nazism. We have introduced the symbolic of football supporters which was presented by the organisation Football against Racism in Europe as intolerant and therefore prohibited to display and use in football stadiums during football matches. We have described and displayed these symbols in details. We must point many of this symbols at the beginning were not in any way intolerant as they were religious symbols. During the Nazi Germany, when Adolf Hitler took over several of these symbols as the distinctive signs of Nazism. After the Second World War, Neo-Nazis and other members of various racist movements took over the use of those symbols and are still in use today. We have presented several events when those symbols were displayed during football matches in Slovenia. We have introduced the legal system of the Republic of Slovenia with focus on the legislation, which regulates the conduction of sporting events and actions in case of violations or intolerance. We have defined the tasks of the organizer, the warden's service, the police and the Football Association of Slovenia, and describe the course of maintaining public order at sports events. In conclusion, through the discussion, we have presented whether intolerant symbolism is presented at sports events in Slovenia. If such symbols are used and in which sporting events are most prominent and last but least how the use of these symbols in sports events is regulated. športne prireditve navijaške skupine nogomet simboli nestrpnost rasizem neonacizem vandalizem huliganstvo diplomske naloge hooliganism vandalism neo-Nazism racism intolerance football matches symbols true true false [S. Vrbanić] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2018-06-13 17:22:17 2018-07-16 15:44:28 2022-08-01 19:49:14 2019-07-11 18:18:45 2018 0 Ljubljana 2018 Ljubljana X, 60 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 316.647.5:796.332(043.2) 3569642 URN:SI:UM:DK:XYLYKW2J VS_Vrbanic_Sandi_2018.pdf VS_Vrbanic_Sandi_2018.pdf 1 B30BADAA4F49C22212E6A7935CE1E04B 6d62798c105223ef13e512f4043df4ef5e57c0b221fb476f31f16d6afe78fad6 18d3da71-7c10-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/f193e88c-d5cd-456b-9469-6e57759337c8 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=126439 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0