20.500.12556/DKUM-71395 Legalni trg umetnin diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje The legal market of works of art Umetnost spremlja človeštvo skozi vso njegovo zgodovino, vendar se je njen pomen v tem času spremenil. Izraz »lepe umetnosti«, ki je v uporabi v današnjem času se je pojavil v 18. stoletju in je obrt dokončno ločil od umetnosti. Današnji trg z umetninami se deli na primarni trg in sekundarni trg. Ključni akterji na trgu so trgovci in dražbarji likovne umetnosti ter starin, ki največ umetnin prodajo zasebnim zbirateljem. Najpogostejši način prodaje je prodaja preko galerije ali nakup neposredno od umetnika. Najmočnejši trgi so bili v obdobju med 2007 in 2017 Združene države Amerike, Velika Britanija in Kitajska. Slovenski trg je majhen in težko primerljiv z mednarodnim. Umetnine se ne prodajajo pogosto, prav tako se redko pojavljajo večje javne dražbe. Zanimanje za nakup je še vedno usmerjeno k umetninam iz preteklih umetnostnih smeri in k lokalnim umetnikom, manj pa je zanimanja za živeče umetnike in sodobno umetnost. Posamezne umetnine na mednarodnem trgu dosegajo več milijonske zneske, vendar na trgu ne obstajajo enotni kriteriji vrednotenja umetnin. Galerije in dražbene hiše imajo svoje strokovne sodelavce, ki opravljajo cenitve. V Sloveniji na zahtevo sodišča cenitev vrednosti umetnine opravljajo sodni cenilci, vendar tudi slednji nimajo izoblikovanih stalnih kriterijev. Ob nakupu umetnine je v Sloveniji potrebno plačilo davka. Galerije ob prodaji umetnine cenam dodajo tudi provizije, ki so običajno nižje za visoke zneske in višje za nizke zneske. Najvišja vrednost prodaj na umetnostnem trgu je bila v desetih letih med 2007 in 2017 dosežena leta 2014. Velik padec je trg doživel v letih svetovne gospodarske krize, med leti 2007 in 2009, ko je bila kriza opazna v zmanjšanju števila prodaj in padcu cen ter primerljiva s krizo v devetdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja. Art has been present in human lives throughout the whole history, but its significance has changed. The expression “fine arts”, which is used nowadays, appeared in the 18th century and conclusively separated craft from art. The art market today is divided into the primary market and the secondary market. Key actors in the market are dealers and auctioneers of fine arts and antiques who sell the largest number of works of art to private collectors. Artistic works are most frequently sold by a gallery or purchased directly from an artist. The United States of America had the leading role on the art market in the ten-year-long period between 2007 and 2017. Great Britain was the second most important market and China was third. Slovenian market of works of art is small and hardly comparable with the international market. Works of art are not sold often, major public auctions occur rarely as well. Interest in buying art is still oriented to the past and the buyers too frequently look for local artists. There is not enough interest in contemporary art and living artists. Some of the works of art reach millions of dollars in the international market, however, a uniform criterion for evaluating works of art does not exist. Galleries and auction houses have their own professional associates who deal with evaluations. In Slovenia, at the request of the court, the evaluation of artistic work is carried out by a court appraiser, but they do not have any permanent evaluating criteria as well. When purchasing a work of art, a tax payment is required in Slovenia. In addition to the price, galleries have their own premium rates, which are lower on high prices and higher on low prices. The highest value of sales in the art market between the years 2007 and 2017 was achieved in 2014. Years of financial crisis, between 2007 and 2009, had a big impact on the international art market, which was marked by a decrease in the number of sales and a drop in prices and was comparable with the crisis in the 1990s. diplomske naloge umetnine vrednost umetnin trg umetnin finančna kriza works of art the value of works of art art market financial crisis true true false [E. Doljak] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2018-08-08 17:51:52 2018-10-09 13:51:06 2022-08-01 20:51:10 2019-07-11 18:40:52 2018 0 Ljubljana 2018 Ljubljana VIII, 80 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 343.3/.7(043.2) 3602666 URN:SI:UM:DK:YAUNOTEB UN_Doljak_Ester_2018.pdf UN_Doljak_Ester_2018.pdf 1 F4263CA0FF994F41DEB22251E71CBEB2 52bd5e45110936d0176b51de0bc52380f961dfd87a199d0a6e066555f2cdf40d 3c7fb5f8-7c10-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/34844071-b72e-4d7b-9a8e-b1f42fca3696 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=128387 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0