20.500.12556/DKUM-72434 Diplomatska zaščita pravnih oseb Diplomatic protection of legal persons Diplomatska zaščita je pravni institut, s katerim država sproži postopek za zaščito svojih državljanov, katerih pravice so bile zaradi ravnanja druge države prizadete. Gre za uveljavljanje mednarodne odgovornosti držav za kršitve mednarodnopravnih obveznosti. Država lahko sproži postopke za zaščito fizične ali pravne osebe. Država je utrpela škodo le posredno, preko fizične ali pravne osebe. Poudarek bo na diplomatski zaščiti pravnih oseb. Država torej lahko uveljavlja diplomatsko zaščito za tisto družbo, ki ima njeno državljanstvo; družba mora biti vpisana v register družb v dotični državi, v kateri mora imeti tudi upravljavski sedež. Lahko pa se država odloči, da vpis v register ni zadostni pogoj za pridobitev državljanstva. Določi lahko večinsko lastništvo, v sklopu katerega mora imeti večina delničarjev družbe državljanstvo dotične države. Eden najbolj znanih primerov je »Barcelona Traction«, poznan zaradi škode, ki je nastala delničarjem družbe. Ker gre za mednarodnopravna pravila, je skušala Komisija za mednarodno pravo kodificirat področje diplomatske zaščite z Osnutkom pravil o diplomatski zaščiti, v katerem med drugim podrobneje opisuje zaščito pravnih oseb. Osnutek v svojih pravilih določa, da lahko pride do diplomatske zaščite samo, če sta izpolnjena dva pogoja: državljanstvo in izčrpanje notranjih pravnih sredstev v državi. Prav tako poudari, da gre za pravico države, ne pa njeno dolžnost do uveljavljanja diplomatske zaščite. Osnutek podrobneje določa pravila, kdaj ima določena družba državljanstvo neke države in kakšne pogoje mora pri tem izpolnjevati. Diplomatic protection is a legal institute by which the state initiates a procedure for the protection of its citizens whose rights have been affected by the conduct of the other state. It is about enforcing the international responsibility of states for violations of international obligations. The state can initiate procedures to protect a natural or legal person. The state suffered damage only indirectly through a natural or legal person. The emphasis will be on diplomatic protection of legal entities. Therefore, the State can enforce diplomatic protection for that company having its nationality; the company must be registered in the company register of the country in which it must also have its head office. However, the State may decide that entry in the register is not a sufficient condition for acquiring citizenship. It may determine the majority ownership, within which the majority of the company's shareholders must have the nationality of the country in question. One of the best-known examples is "Barcelona Traction", known for the damage caused to shareholders of the company. As the rules of international law are concerned, the Commission for International Law has tried to codify the field of diplomatic protection with the Draft Rules on Diplomatic Protection, which describes, inter alia, the protection of legal persons. The draft states in its rules that diplomatic protection can only take place if two conditions are met: citizenship and the exhaustion of domestic remedies in the country. It also emphasizes that it is the right of the State, and not its obligation to exercise diplomatic protection. The draft specifies in more detail the rules when a particular company has a nationality of a country and what conditions it has to fulfill in doing so. diplomatska zaščita pravna oseba državljanstvo vpis v register Barcelona Traction bilateralni investicijski sporazum. Keywords: diplomatic protection legal personality citizenship entry in the register Barcelona Traction bilateral investment agreement. true true false [G. Koprivc] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2018-09-25 09:37:51 2018-11-21 14:06:23 2022-08-01 22:35:59 2019-07-11 19:18:49 2018 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 341.2(043.3) 5669675 URN:SI:UM:DK:C4ED5FII UN_Koprivc_Gregor_2018.pdf UN_Koprivc_Gregor_2018.pdf 1 6707F689A48EA2B6435BFE214A7BE37B 50df5774b0a1cbf2446c62335b0cc620e02ab72c5304464257e915523a9fa0e8 6b38d89c-7c10-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/853201fb-d296-4451-a632-a4e05cca6f8b https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=130482 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0