20.500.12556/DKUM-72909 Samopomoč z analizo aktualne sodne prakse Self-Help with an analysis of relevant legal practise Samopomoč je izjema v posestnem varstvu, zato je nujno, da so pogoji za samopomoč zelo strogo določeni. Kriteriji za dopustno samopomoč so določeni taksativno in morajo biti izpolnjeni vsi hkrati (kumulativno). To pomeni, da če eden od kriterijev ni podan, samopomoč ni dopustna. To je razvidno tudi iz sodne praksa (VSL sklep II Cp 4064/2011 z dne 18.1.2012, VSL sklep II Cp 1196/1993 z dne 26.1.1994). Iz analize aktualne sodne prakse ugotavljam, da so sodišča v sodbah večkrat samopomoč ocenila za nedovoljeno, kot dovoljeno. Osebno menim, da je to zato, ker je kumulativno določene pogoje za dovoljeno samopomoč, glede na dejansko stanje v konkretnih primerih pred sodiščem izredno težko izkazati in dokazati. Za dopustno samopomoč morajo biti podani vsi elementi iz 31. člena SPZ. V magistrski nalogi sem analizirala posamezne pogoje za dovoljeno samopomoč, glede na dejansko stanje v sodbah. Tako kot po ZTLR se tudi po SPZ zahteva, da je nevarnost neposredna, samopomoč nujna in da je način samopomoči ustreza okoliščinam v katerih obstaja nevarnost. ZTLR za razliko od SPZ ni poznal pogoja, da mora biti samopomoč takojšnja. SPZ je v primerjavi z ZTLR poostril kriterije za dovoljeno samopomoč (VSL sklep I Cp 1215/2013 z dne 12.6.2013). Samopomoč se mora po SPZ tudi časovno ujemati z neupravičenim posegom v posest. Pri analizi aktualne sodne prakse sem ocenila, da je problematičen predvsem pogoj takojšnje samopomoči. Pri kriteriju takojšnje samopomoči je pomembno, da se samopomoč izvrši takoj, ko je to objektivno mogoče (VSL sklep II Cp 4064/2011 z dne 18.01.2012, VSL sklep I Cp 1215/2013 z dne 12.6.2013, VSL sklep II Cp 75/2015 z dne 4.3.2015). Poznamo različne oblike samopomoči. Pri defenzivni samopomoči posestnik vrši samoobrambo svoje posesti za razliko od ofenzivne samopomoči, kjer posestnik odvzame kršilcu posest nazaj. SPZ ureja posebno obliko samopomoči, ki se nanaša na pravico odstraniti korenine in veje. Z izročitvijo predmeta leasinga pridobi leasingojemalec neposredno dejansko oblast nad predmetom in s tem položaj neposrednega posestnika. Neposredno posest pridobi v trenutku, ko mu je predmet izročen, in traja ves čas leasing razmerja oziroma dokler leasingojemalec predmet leasinga ob prenehanju pogodbe o leasingu ne vrne leasingodajalcu. Leasingodajalec in leasingojemalec nimata pravice samovoljno spreminjati obstoječe posestno stanje. Če leasingojemalec po predčasnem prenehanju pogodbe predmeta leasinga prostovoljno ne vrne, mora leasingodajalec vrnitveni zahtevek uveljavljati sodno in ne sme sam s silo ali na skrivaj odvzeti predmeta proti volji leasingojemalca. Self-help is an exception in possession of protection, therefore it is necessary that the conditions are very strictly specified. Conditions for admissible self-help are certain and must be fulfilled at the same time (cumulatively). This means, if one of criteria is not given, self-help is inadmissible. This is evidently also from legal practice (VSL decision II Cp 4064/2011 of 18.1.2012, VSL decision II Cp 1196/1993 of 26.1.1994). From the analysis legal practice, I find that the courts judged repeatedly in self-help as not allowed as permitted. Personally, I believe that is because the conditions for admissible self-help are cumulatively define and are in real cases very hard to prove. For admissible self-help there must be all of elements from 31. Article of the SPZ. In dissertation I have analyse separate conditions for admissible self-help in reference to condition in verdicts. As with the ZTLR even after the SPZ it is required, that danger must be direct, self-help is necessary and that the mode of self-help corresponds to the circumstances in which there is danger. Unlike the SPZ, ZTLR did not know the condition, that self-help must be immediate. In comparison with the ZTLR, SPZ has tightened conditions for admissible self-help. (VSL decision I Cp 1215/2013 of 12.6.2013). After SPZ self-help must also coincide temporarily with unjustified intervention in possession. In analyzing the current case-law, I assessed that the problem of immediate self-help is particularly problematic. In the case of immediate self-help, it is important that self-help is carried out as soon as it is objectively possible (VSL decision II Cp 4064/2011 of 18.01.2012, VSL decision I Cp 1215/2013 of 12.6.2013, VSL decision II Cp 75/2015 of 4.3.2015). There are various forms of self-help. In the case of defensive self-help, the possessor performs self-defense of his property as opposed to offensive self-help, where the possessor takes away the property of infringer. SPZ regulates a special form of self-help, which refers to the right to remove the roots and branches. By handing over the object of leasing, the lessee acquires directly the possession over the object and the position of the direct possessor. Lessee gets direct possession at the moment when it is delivered to the object, and it lasts the entire lease period or when lessee at the end of leasing contract not return the object back to lessor. Lessor and lessee do not have the right to arbitrarily change the existing property status. If the lessee, after the early termination of the leasing contract, does not voluntarily return the lease, the lessor must file legal claim and he cannot forcefully and unconditionally take the object against the will of the lessee. samopomoč dovoljena samopomoč pogoji za samopomoč neupravičen poseg v posest obrambno dejanje posestnik sodna praksa samopomoč leasingodajalca in leasingojemalca self-help allowed self-help conditions for self help unjustified interference in property defensive act possessor legal practise leasing agreement true true false A. Pušnik] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2018-12-11 22:53:54 2018-12-21 09:56:22 2022-08-01 23:39:38 2019-07-11 19:37:04 2018 0 [Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 347.453.3(043.3) 5693995 URN:SI:UM:DK:RLWISIDM MAG_Pusnik_Ana_2018.pdf MAG_Pusnik_Ana_2018.pdf 1 A241901335C171D9AD56EEC9D51570B6 ac41c48ee4219c8e365d2b72024d92f84c7bc642c630266a6b966e34afcfca23 8aba3aa7-7c10-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/2d822f2d-3a28-4dea-b70f-604e93e86e6e https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=131873 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0