20.500.12556/DKUM-77564 Razgradnja PVC odpadkov s hidrotermičnimi procesi diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnje Degradation of PVC waste with hydrothermal processes Polivinilklorid (PVC) je eden izmed najbolj uporabljenih kloriranih plastik, ima zelo širok spekter uporabe, saj je cenovno zelo ugoden in se zaradi svojih lastnosti zelo dobro obnese kot material za različne izdelke. Prisoten je v številnih industrijah kot tudi v vsakdanjem življenju, kjer PVC izdelke najdemo v različnih oblikah. Še posebej pa je pomembno kako ravnamo s PVC odpadki, saj nepravilno ravnanje z njimi lahko povzroči velike okoljske in zdravstvene probleme. V tej diplomski nalogi smo se osredotočili na razgradnjo PVC – ja s hidrotermičnimi procesi v pod- in nadkritični vodi. Eksperimente smo izvajali v visokotlačnem in visokotemperaturnem šaržnem reaktorju. Preizkušali smo vpliv temperature in časa na razgradnjo PVC-ja. Eksperiment smo izvajali pri temperaturi 400 °C, 425 °C ter času 30 in 60 min pri konstantnem razmerju material/ voda (4,5g/ 20mL). Po degradaciji smo dobili razgradne produkte v štirih fazah: plinski, oljni, trdni in vodni fazi. Produkte smo nato analizirali s plinsko kromatografijo masno spektrometrijo (GC/MS) in Fourierjevo transformacijsko infrardečo spektroskopijo (FTIR). Količino kloridnih ionov v vodni fazi smo določili z obarjalnimi titracijami. Na podlagi rezultatov smo ugotovili, da velik del kloridnih ionov ostane v vodni fazi in da razgradnja PVC – ja kljub zelo visokim temperaturam ni popolnoma. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most widely used chlorinated plastics and has a very wide range of uses. It is very affordable and due to its properties works very well as a material for various products. It is present in many industries as well as in everyday life. PVC products are found in various forms. It is especially important how we handle PVC waste, as improper handling of it can cause major environmental and health problems. In this thesis we were focused on the decomposition of PVC by hydrothermal processes in sub- and supercritical water. The experiments were performed in a high-pressure and high-temperature batch reactor. The influence of temperature and time on PVC degradation was investigated. The experiments were performed at a temperature of 400 °C, 425 °C and a time of 30 and 60 min at constant material/ water ratio (4,5g/ 20mL). After degradation, decomposition products were obtained in four phases: gas, oil, solid and water. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The amount of chloride ions in the aqueous phase was determined by precipitation titrations. Based on results it was fund that a large part of chloride ions remain in the aqueous phase and that the decomposition of PVC is not complete despite very high temperatures. Polivinilklorid hidrotermični procesi odpadna embalaža razgradnja dekloriranje Polyvinyl chloride hydrothermal processes package waste decomposition dechlorination true true false [A. M. Črešnar] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2020-09-03 14:55:48 2020-10-08 13:47:17 2022-08-09 15:44:19 2020-10-17 03:11:54 2020 0 Maribor 0 Maribor VIII, 29 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2021-12-30 678.06:621.789(043.2) 32694787 URN:SI:UM:DK:SD5PQ33J UN_Cresnar_Ana_Marija_2020.pdf UN_Cresnar_Ana_Marija_2020.pdf 1 A1994B33AEEEEDFAB651D84AE3B4FB02 2f8b62e561ad07bc8910245562137e31c79ca3a74e30e4000713dd88c9c6f9f1 e56c7f3c-7c11-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/1888c0a3-3819-4483-b5ae-306714d7961e https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=146449 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0