20.500.12556/DKUM-78013 Nadzor in sankcioniranje prekrškov v zvezi z orožjem v Republiki Sloveniji - študije primerov in predlogi za prihodnjo ureditev The control and sanctioning of minor offences involving weapons in the Republic of Slovenia – a case study and suggestions for future regulation Namen prispevka: Prispevek je namenjen predvsem strokovnemu bralcu, ki ga naslovna tematika zanima. Bralec se lahko seznani, kako deluje slovenski pravni red na področju prekrškovne ureditve orožja v Sloveniji in primerjalno v direktivah Evropske unije (EU). Uporabnost prispevka je v nekaterih predlogih za dopolnitev in izboljšave slovenske zakonodaje o orožju. Metode: Članek temelji na deskriptivni in analitični metodi ter jezikovni razlagi relevantnih predpisov Republike Slovenije in predpisov EU. Avtorja od pravnih metod uporabljata jezikovno in teleološko metodo pri opredeljevanju ratia legis predpisov ter primerjalno metodo pri komparaciji slovenske in tuje ureditve. Prikazana je ureditev v Sloveniji, Italiji in Hrvaški skozi prizmo ureditve EU. Ugotovitve: Že od nekdaj velja, da je urejanje pravic in obveznosti v zvezi z orožjem izredno občutljivo področje. Razširjeno je namreč stališče, da je orožje že po svoji naravi nevarna stvar, ki lahko pomeni neposredno nevarnost za življenje, zdravje in varnost ljudi ter javnega reda. Prav varovanje teh vrednot pa je osnovni namen Zakona o orožju. Slednji sicer temelji na »Direktivi Sveta z dne 18. junija 1991 o nadzoru nabave in posedovanja orožja (91/477/EGS)« (1991) in njenih kasnejših spremembah. Namen direktive je vzpostaviti kar se da poenoteno orožno zakonodajo držav članic EU. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave V prispevku so tako predstavljene kršitve orožne zakonodaje (imamo le en zakon s podzakonskimi predpisi) in oblike formalnega institucionaliziranega nadzora, v smislu obravnave (pristojnih organov) in sankcioniranja kršitev v zvezi z orožjem. S predstavitvijo primerov iz sodne prakse avtorja v prispevku prikažeta dejansko, življenjsko obravnavo prepovedanih ravnanj na področju orožja. Navkljub prej omenjeni direktivi so razlike med državami članicami EU glede pravne ureditve materije orožja še vedno precejšnje. To osvetljuje tudi primerjalnopravni vidik ureditve orožja ter nadzora in sankcioniranja prekrškov v zvezi z orožjem v naših sosednjih državah, tj. v Republiki Italiji in Republiki Hrvaški. Praktična uporabnost: Prispevek je praktično uporaben za strokovne bralce kot tudi za študente Fakultete za varnostne vede na podiplomskem in doktorskem študiju. Opredelitve kategorialnega aparata prekrškovnega prava o orožju so korektne in sodobne, zato prispevajo k večanju znanja na tem področju. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Prispevek je pregledni znanstveni članek, zato je njegova izvirnost omejena. Avtorja na novo ne postavljata znanstvenih spoznanj, pač pa povzemata in primerjalno opredeljujeta tisto, kar je že urejeno. Izvirna vrednost prispevka je v tem, da avtorja postavljata pojme v berljiv in lahko razumljiv kontekst, ki si jih bo bralec zapomnil. Purpose: The article is primarily aimed at expert readers who are interested in the topic. Readers can learn of the legal order in the field of minor offences involving weapons in the Republic of Slovenia and of its comparative aspects regulated in EU directives. The article is applicable in that the authors present several suggestions for changes to Slovenian weapons legislation. Design/Methods/Approach: The article applies descriptive and analytical methods as well as linguistic interpretation of the relevant regulations in the Republic of Slovenia and the EU. In defining the ratio legis of the regulations, the authors apply linguistic and teleological legal methods, while in conducting a comparative analysis of Slovenian and foreign regulation they apply a comparative legal method. The legal regulation in Slovenia, Italy, and Croatia is presented through the prism of the relevant EU regulation. Findings: The regulation of rights and obligations with reference to weapons has always been an extremely sensitive area. It is a generally accepted view that, by their nature, weapons are dangerous objects that can pose a direct threat to the life, health, and security of people and public order. Protection of these values is a fundamental objective of the Slovenian Weapons Act. The Act is based on Council Directive 91/477/EEC of 18 June 1991 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons and its subsequent amendments. The objective of the Directive is to ensure that the EU member states establish weapons legislation that is as harmonised as possible. Research Limitations / Implications: The article discusses violations of weapons legislation (in Slovenia there is only one statute and several implementing regulations regulating this area) and the types of formal institutionalised control concerning how the competent authorities deal with and sanction violations concerning weapons. The authors present the actual treatment of criminal conduct in the field of weapons by presenting selected cases from the relevant case law. Regardless of the above-mentioned Directive, the differences between the Member States of the EU regarding the legal regulation of weapons are still substantial. This is further highlighted by means of a comparative analysis of the regulation of weapons and the control and sanctioning of minor offences concerning weapons in the countries neighbouring Slovenia, i.e. the Republic of Italy and the Republic of Croatia. Practical Implications: The article has practical value for expert readers as well as students of the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security at the M.A. and Ph.D. postgraduate levels. The definitions of categorical apparatuses of minor offence law involving weapons are appropriate and modern and therefore they contribute to greater expertise in this area. Originality/Value: The article is a review article and therefore its originality is limited. The authors do not provide new scientific findings but summarise and compare what is already regulated. The originality of the article lies in its form, i.e. the authors present the concepts in a context that is readable and easy to remember. nadzor nad orožjem prekrški primerjalnopravna ureditev Slovenija Italija Hrvaška control of weapons minor offences comparative regulation Slovenia Italy Croatia true true true Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Znanstveno delo 2020-10-02 14:34:05 2020-10-02 14:34:06 2022-08-06 03:14:36 2020-10-03 03:23:52 2020 0 0 str. 158-178 št. 2 Letn. 22 2020 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 351.753(497.4)(497.5)(450) 99492352 30690563 1580-0253 URN:SI:UM:DK:W2B6KJJW https://www.fvv.um.si/rv/arhiv/2020-2/03_Muzenic_Ticar_rV-2020-2.html 1 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=146905 https://www.fvv.um.si/rv/arhiv/2020-2/03_Muzenic_Ticar_rV-2020-2.pdf 1 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=146906 Fakulteta za varnostne vede Varstvoslovje 0 0 0