20.500.12556/DKUM-78066 Supermax zapori v Ameriki diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje Supermax prisons in America Supermax zapori v Ameriki, poznani tudi kot ´special control units´, ´intensive management units´, ´special management units´ ali ´security housing units´, so maksimalno varovani zapori, kjer ni prostora za rehabilitacijo, druženje, terapijo ali edukacijo. Kljub temu da se je praksa ekstremne izolacije in deprivacije, ki se v zaporu uporablja s primarnim namenom zaščite javnosti in zagotavljanja varnosti v zaporu, že leta 1900 izkazala kot neučinkovita, neetična, nehumana in draga, je le-ta v zadnjih desetletjih postala daleč najmočnejše orožje v pomenu kaznovanja in nadzornih ukrepov, ki je dostopen zaporskim upravljalcem. Kaznovalni sistem, v teoriji namenjen le najhujšim zločincem, v praksi izkazuje drugačno sliko. Zaradi prenatrpanosti ostalih zaporov, izgredov in kršitev zaporskih pravil v splošnih zaporih se v ekstremni izolaciji v supermaks zaporih najpogosteje znajdejo mladoletniki, duševno bolni in telesno oziroma fizično omejeni zaporniki. Zaradi narave svoje bolezni in procesa odraščanja se le-ti pogosteje znajdejo v konfliktu, ki mu sledi kazen – samica. S problematiko ekstremne izolacije in deprivacije v supermaks zaporih se v zadnjih desetletjih ukvarjajo predvsem organizacije na področju človekovih pravic. Pri tem so zaznale precej kršitev, zaradi katerih so bili izpeljani tudi sodni postopki. Zahvaljujoč se organizacijam, ki ozaveščajo o problematiki supermaks sistema, so se ponekod zadeve premaknile v pozitivno smer. Kljub navedenemu, se mnogi namreč ne zavedajo dejstva, da problem ekstremne izolacije ne zadeva zgolj zaporski sistem in same zapornike, temveč ima negativen vpliv tudi na javnost. Večina zapornikov prej ali slej svojo kazen odsluži in se tako brez kakršnih koli rehabilitacijskih programov vrne nazaj v skupnost, kar pa pogosto privede do povratništva. Gre namreč za začaran krog, kjer bi bilo učinkoviteje poskrbeti za preventivo kot kurativo. Supermax prisons in America, also known as ´special control units´, ´intensive management units´, ´special management units´ or ´security housing units´, are maxium security prisons where there is no room for rehabilitation, socializing with others, therapy or education. Despite the fact that the practices of extreme isolation and deprivation, used in a high number of prisons whose primary objective is to protect the public from criminals and at the same time to ensure that there will always be a safe and secure environment in prisons, already proved to be a highly ineffective, unethical, inhuman and expensive way back in 1900, but over the past decades it has once again become by far the most powerful weapon, so easily accessible to prison operators as far as punishment and control measures is concerned. Within the criminal justice system, the penalty system – in theory – it is designed for the offenders who commit serious crimes, i. e. the worst criminals, but in practice a totally different picture emerges. Due to overcrowding of all the other general prison facilities, disturbances, riots and violation of the prison rules, minors, mentally and physically ill prisoners often find themselves held in extreme isolation in these supermax prisons. As a result of the very nature of their illness, since suffering from a mental illness or being physically disabled, and if considering the way they usually grow up (minors or teenagers) these young adults often find themselves caught up in the middle of a conflict which is in most cases followed by a punishment - a solitary confinement. There are several human rights organizations that have been trying to deal with this issue, so strongly associated with extreme isolation and sensory deprivation in supermax prisons, over the last few decades due to the fact that there has been a number of violations and a series of irregularities detected not only in this system, but also in the judicial system. These organizations are the ones that have been trying to raise awareness of the problems most supermax prisons face and it is all thanks to them that in certain isntitutions things have been moving into a positive direction. Unfortunately, there are still a lot of people who do not realize or understand that problems dealing with extreme isolation do not represent an issue or affects only the prison system and all the prisoners within, but they also have a negative impact on the public as well. Most prisoners sooner or later finish their prison sentence and then they return into the community without being offered any prison rehabilitation or work programs. As a consequence, the recidivism patterns of former prisoners is quite high. It is indeed a vicious circle as far as the prison system is concerned and when it comes to this issue we should be aware of the fact that prevention is always much better than cure itself. diplomske naloge Supermaks samica ekstremna izolacija človekove pravice Supermax solitary confinement extreme isolation human rights true true false [E. Jerman] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2020-10-14 16:58:38 2021-01-07 09:17:05 2022-08-09 17:32:25 2021-01-08 03:24:27 2020 0 Ljubljana 2020 Ljubljana VIII, 49 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 343.8(043.2) 45774595 URN:SI:UM:DK:UQYRRON1 UN_Jerman_Elena_2020.pdf UN_Jerman_Elena_2020.pdf 1 DD7073E518E82769CE28D35A5E41702E 2ea06cadd860d25ffb8ee0a484460016674fdd689de7a26f44aaa2089b2d4ffb 0ccc4964-7c12-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/4a47145b-e9c5-4a0a-990c-45b68817ebbc https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=148129 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0