20.500.12556/DKUM-78077 Kvaziznanosti v forenzični psihologiji magistrsko delo Quasi-Science in forensic psychology V magistrski nalogi so predstavljene kvaziznanosti, ki se jih uporablja za odkrivanje laži v forenzični psihologiji. Pod drobnogled smo vzeli pet metod: poligraf, forenzično hipnozo, znanstveno analizo vsebine (SCAN), strateško uporabo dokazov (SUE) in funkcijsko magnetnoresonančno slikanje (fMRI) za odkrivanje laži. Postavili smo pet hipotez, ki jih bomo poskušali zavrniti ali potrditi. Večina splošne javnosti meni, da so te kvaziznanosti zelo zanesljive, kar pa ne drži. Večina tudi meni, da so sami dobri pri prepoznavanju laganja, vendar tudi to ne drži. Raziskave kažejo, da je uspešnost prepoznavanja laganja po intuiciji med 49 in 59 % (Vrij, 2008). Omenjene metode pa nimajo dosti boljše uspešnosti. Poligrafsko testiranje naj bi bilo odgovorno za samo 57 % uspešno odkritih laži. Funkcijsko magnetnoresonančno slikanje je v medicini popolnoma znanstvena metoda. Sliši se znanstveno in vsak bi pričakoval, da bo to veljalo tudi za aplikacijo v forenzično psihologijo, a ni tako. Prav tako znanstveno zveni znanstvena analiza vsebine (SCAN), a tudi pri tej ni popolnoma nič znanstvenega. Pri vseh obravnavanih kvaziznanostih se pojavlja tudi vprašanje etičnosti, še posebej pri strateški uporabi dokazov (SUE), kjer preiskovalec ne predstavi dokazov zoper osumljenca do konca zaslišanja. Pojavlja se tudi etično vprašanje glede privolitve, saj tisti, ki laže, noče, da bi preiskovalci vedeli, da laže. Pri forenzični hipnozi se pojavlja težava z izkrivljanjem spomina in z vsajanjem lažnih spominov. Vse metode so nastale na osnovi želje po poenostavitvi delovnega procesa zaposlenih v organih pregona. Nekdo si je izmislil metodo, ki bi morda lahko delovala (na primer znanstvena analiza vsebine – SCAN) in začel o njej predavati ter jo učiti po vsem svetu, ostali pa so slepo sledili brez kančka dvoma. Poraja se vprašanje, ali bodo omenjene metode sploh kdaj postale znanstvene in s tem primerne za uporabo kot dokaz na sodišču. Trenutno še ne obstaja dober način za izvedbo raziskav, razen laboratorijskih, ki pa imajo svoje omejitve. This master's thesis presents the quasi-sciences used to detect lies in forensic psychology. We looked in five methods: Polygraph, Forensic Hypnosis, Scientific Content Analysis - SCAN, Strategic Use of Evidence - SUE, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to detect lies. We also set ourselves five hypotheses, which we will try to reject or confirm. The majority of the general public thinks that these quasi-sciences are very reliable, which is not true. Most also think they are good at recognizing lying themselves, but even that is not true. Research shows that the success rate of recognizing lying by intuition is between 49 and 59 percent (Vrij, 2008). However, these methods do not perform much better. Polygraph testing is said to be responsible for only 57 percent of successfully detected lies. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a completely scientific method in used medicine. It sounds scientific and one would expect this to apply to forensic psychology as well, but this is not the case. There is also a Scientific Content Analysis - SCAN, but there is absolutely nothing scientific about this either. The question of ethics also arises in all the considered quasi-sciences. Especially in the Strategic Use of Evidence - SUE, where the investigator does not present evidence against the suspect until the end of the interrogations. There is also the ethical question of consent that should be given to use one of those techniques, as the one who lies does not want investigators to know he is lying. In forensic hypnosis, there is a problem with memory distortion and attenuation of false memories. All methods involve a desire to simplify the work process of law enforcement officers. This is how these techniques came about. Someone invented a technique that might work (for example, Scientific Content Analysis - SCAN) and started lecturing and teaching about it all over the world, while others blindly followed without a hint of doubt. The question arises as to whether these techniques will ever become scientific and thus suitable for use as evidence in court. Currently, there is no good way to conduct research other than laboratory research, which has its limitations. magistrska dela detektor laži poligraf funkcijsko magnetnoresonančno slikanje znanstvena analiza vsebine strateška uporaba dokazov hipnoza Lie Detector Polygraph Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scientific Content Analysis Strategic Use of Evidence Hypnosis. true true false [D. Bricelj] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2020-10-18 10:20:42 2020-12-03 21:45:45 2022-08-09 17:33:23 2020-12-04 03:34:27 2020 0 Ljubljana 2020 Ljubljana V, 59 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 159.9:340.6(043.2) 40911363 URN:SI:UM:DK:V2FGCECJ MAG_Bricelj_Dominika_2020.pdf MAG_Bricelj_Dominika_2020.pdf 1 402FAE641612F5E0E3CCD024BEA157DB 88d183441d2900e50b4e7cbca1004985aa7a080d1092c70430f683dfc5278c70 02b578da-7c12-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/6d57789a-f8f7-40aa-8f6a-b4159e6ebf4f https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=147677 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0