20.500.12556/DKUM-78102 Variabilnost lobanje snežnih voluharic (rod: Chionomys Miller, 1908): pristop z geometrijsko morfometrijo Skull variability in snow voles (genus Chionomys Miller, 1908): geometric morphometric approach V magistrski nalogi sem s pomočjo geometrijske morfometrije analizirala medvrstno variabilnost v velikosti in obliki ventralne strani lobanje pri štirih vrstah voluharic iz rodu Chionomys: C. gud, C. nivalis, C. roberti in C. lasistanius, ter morfometrične odnose primerjala z genetskimi. V analizo sem vključila 362 osebkov. Geometrijska analiza je temeljila na 20 oslonilnih točkah, ki sem jih določila na ventralni strani lobanje. Prisotnost sekundarnega spolnega dimorfizma (SSD) sem preverjala ločeno za velikost in obliko lobanje za vsako vrsto posebej. Sekundarni spolni dimorfizem v velikosti lobanje (SSDV) sem analizirala s primerjavo centroidne velikosti samcev in samic, pri čemer sem uporabila t-test. Za preverjanje sekundarnega spolnega dimorfizma v obliki lobanje (SSDO) sem uporabila multivariatno analizo variance (MANOVA). Razlike med spoloma ni bila pri nobeni vrsti signifikantna, zato sem v nadaljnjih analizah spola obravnavala združeno. Variabilnost v velikosti lobanje med štirimi vrstami sem preverila z enosmerno analizo variance (ANOVA). V analizo sem vključila vseh 362 osebkov. Rezultati analize variance so bili visoko signifikantni (F=51,87; p<0,0001). Posteriorni test Je pokazal značilne razlike med pari vrst: lasistanius – roberti, lasistanius – gud in nivalis – roberti. Variabilnost v obliki lobanje sem preverila z diskriminantno analizo, kjer so Prokrustove koooridnate predstavljale odvisno spremenljivko, vrstna pripadnost pa neodvisno. Diskriminantna analiza je pokazala na signifikantne razlike med vrstami (Wilksova lambda=0,049 df1=108 df2=968,2 F=15,59 p<0,0001). Najbolj podobni sta bili vrsti C. lasistanius in C. gud, najbolj različni pa so bili pari med C. roberti in ostalimi vrstami. Ugotovitve o morfometričnih odnosih med vrstami sem primerjala z genetskimi odnosi. Podatke o nukletoidnih zaporedjih sem pridobila s pomočjo genetske banke (GenBank), pri čemer so bile lokalitete osebkov podobne lokalitetam vzorcev iz materiala za magistrsko nalogo. Na podlagi pridobljenih podatkov sem s pomočjo programa MAFFT izrisala dendrogram filogenetskih odnosov. Rezultati so pokazali, da vrsti C. lasistanius in C. gud tako na podlagi morfometričnih kot genetskih odnosov predstavljata sestrsko skupino. Par vrst gud-lasistanius je bil najbolj podoben C. nivalis, medtem, ko je bila vrsta C. roberti najbolj samosvoja. Rezultati morfometričnega drevesa se niso skladali s tipologijo genetskega drevesa. Zaključujem, da ima na obliko lobanje večji vpliv način življenja kot pa filogenetska sorodnost. Uvrščanje vrste C. roberti v skupine znotraj rodu Chionomys bi tako lahko bil predmet nadaljnih raziskav. In my master's thesis, I used geometric morphometry to analyse interspecific variability in the size and shape of the ventral side of the skull in four species of voles of the genus Chionomys: C. gud, C. nivalis, C. roberti in C. lasistanius, and compared morphometric relationships with the genetic ones. The analysis included 362 specimens. The geometric analysis was based on the 20 fulcrum points, which I determined on the ventral side of the skull. The presence of secondary sexual dimorphism (SD) was checked separately for skull size and shape for each species separately. Secondary cranial size sexual dimorphism (SSDV) was analysed by comparing the centroid size of males and females using the t-test. I used multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to verify secondary cranial-shaped sexual dimorphism (SSDO). No significant difference was shown in either type of SSDV or SSDO, therefore both genders were considered jointly in further analyses. I checked the variability in skull size among the four species with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). All 362 specimens were included in the analysis. The results of the analysis of variance are highly significant (F=51,87; p<0,0001). I checked the differences between individual pairs of species with the Posterior Test. The differences are expressed among the pairs lasistanius – roberti, lasistanius – gud in nivalis – roberti. The variability in the shape of the skull was checked with the discriminant analysis, where the Procrustean coordinates represented the dependent variable, and the species the independent one. The discriminant analysis shows a significant difference among the species (Wilks lambda=0,049 df1=108 df2=968,2 F=15,59 p<0,0001). The most similar species are C. lasistanius in C. gud, and the most different are the pairs C. nivalis in C. roberti, C. gud in C. roberti, C. lasistanius in C. roberti. I compared my findings on morphometric relationships between species with genetic relationships. I obtained data on nucleotide sequences by means of the genetic bank (GenBank), where the localities of the specimens were similar to the localities of the samples from the material for my master's thesis. Based on the obtained data, I drew a dendrogram of phylogenetic relationships, using the MAFFT program. The results showed that the species C. lasistanius in C. gud represent a sister group in both cases. C. gud and C. lasistanius were similar to the C. nivalis, while the C. roberti was the most remote species. The results of the morphometric tree do not coincide with the results of the genetic tree, which shows that the species C. roberti belongs to the same group as the species C. gud, C. lasistanius in C. nivalis. The classification of C. roberti into groups within the genus Chionomys could this be the subject of further research. Chionomys Chionomys nivalis Chionomys gud Chionomys roberti Chionomy lasistanius geometrijska morfometrija morfometrična varibilnost spolni dimorfizem ventralna stran lobanje oslonilne točke Chionomys Chionomys nivalis Chionomys gud Chionomys roberti Chionomy lasistanius geometric morphometry morphometric variability sexual dimorphism ventral side of the skull landmarks true true false [T. Lipovnik] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2020-10-26 10:13:09 2020-12-16 14:12:30 2022-08-09 17:34:54 2020-12-17 03:28:56 2020 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 599.323.52(043.2) 42323715 URN:SI:UM:DK:DDLPULM7 MAG_Lipovnik_Tea_2020.pdf MAG_Lipovnik_Tea_2020.pdf 1 67F254A3B09486BC72361746EAADA843 fe2e8164cfef45f3f5869dff216aa99fb76ce7294740dccf022ffa9974188f71 fe41a879-7c11-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/f2965473-bae0-43d3-bccd-aa0d27af2712 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=147460 Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko 0 0 0