20.500.12556/DKUM-78386 Kazenskopravne dileme prostitucije magistrsko delo Prostitution and its dilemmas in criminal law Prisotnost prostitucije skozi zgodovino človeštva kaže na to, da gre za konstanten pojav, ki bo v naši družbi skoraj zagotovo prisoten tudi v bodoče. Nesporno gre pri prostituciji za stalen, izredno kompleksen in večplasten družbeni pojav, zato se mora nanj ustrezno odzivati tudi kazensko pravo. Države danes prostitucijo urejajo zelo različno. V osnovi pa lahko izpostavimo tri regulativne modele, ki so se izoblikovali skozi zgodovino in se kot prevladujoči ohranili do danes. To so prohibicionistični, regulacijski ter abolicionistični model. Slednji ima številne izpeljanke med katere spada tudi dekriminalizacija ali t.i. popolna abolicija. V zadnjih desetletjih so se na podlagi teh modelov izoblikovali še številni drugi, recimo t.i. nordijski model. Skozi zgodovino samostojne Slovenije je bila večkrat predmet političnih razprav tudi legalizacija prostitucije, s katero bi se področje prostitucije celovito zakonsko uredilo, hkrati pa je njen namen izboljšanje delovnih pogojev ter preprečevanje oziroma zmanjševanje zlorab in izkoriščanja oseb, ki se s prostitucijo ukvarjajo. V skladu z Zakonom o prekrških zoper javni red in mir (ZJRM) je bila prostitucija opredeljena kot prekršek. Leta 2003 je novela ZJRM-B prostitucijo dekriminalizirala. S sprejetjem Zakona o varstvu javnega reda in miru (ZJRM-1) je zakonodajalec ponovno, čeprav le delno, inkriminiral le t.i. ulično prostitucijo, ki ogroža javni red in mir. Ves čas pa je bila kazniva zloraba prostitucije, vendar se je stopnja inkriminacije s časom spreminjala. Do pomembne prelomnice je prišlo s sprejetjem novele Kazenskega zakonika leta 2004. Takrat sta se kaznivi dejanji »Zvodništvo« (185.člen KZ) in »Posredovanje pri prostituciji« (186. člen KZ) združila v novo kaznivo dejanje naslovljeno kot »Zloraba prostitucije« (sedanji 175. člen KZ-1). Od takrat je sodelovanje pri tuji prostituciji po naši zakonodaji kaznivo zgolj v primeru, da je izvršeno z namenom izkoriščanja. V jedru varstva tega kaznivega dejanja je kot varovana dobrina spolna samoodločba osebe, ki se prostituira. »Sodelovanje pri tuji prostituciji zaradi izkoriščanja« je zakonski znak kaznivega dejanja po 175. členu KZ-1, ki ga prejšnja zakonodaja, po kateri je bilo prepovedano vsakršno sodelovanje pri prostituciji druge osebe, ni poznala. V tem smislu torej zožuje polje kaznivosti. Vendar pa je pri na novo vnesenem zakonskem znaku težava v njegovi nedoločenosti oz. nedefiniranosti, kar je preložilo breme, da ga pomensko zapolni, na pleča sodne prakse. Glavna naloga sodišč je torej, da razmejijo kaznive oblike sodelovanja pri prostituciji druge osebe od zakonitih. V dosedanjem procesu interpretacije se s ciljem, da bi to storila sodišča bolj ali manj uspešno sklicujejo na različne okoliščine, ki naj bi po njihovem mnenju kazale na izkoriščanje. Kot glavni element se izpostavlja koristoljubnost storilca. Čeprav je ekonomsko izkoriščanje v praksi najbolj pogosto pa lahko storilec osebo, ki se prostituira izkorišča tudi v osebnostno – dostojanstvenem smislu. The presence of prostitution throughout the history of mankind shows it is a constant phenomenon that will almost certainly be present in our society in the future. Undoubtedly, prostitution is a permanent, extremely complex and multifaceted social phenomenon, for which criminal law must also respond accordingly. Nowadays, countries regulate prostitution very differently. However, we can highlight three regulatory models that have evolved throughout history and have survived as dominant to this day. These are the prohibitionism, regulation and abolitionism. The latter has many derivatives, including decriminalization or so called complete abolition. In recent decades, many others have formed on the basis of these models, such as the so called Nordic model. Throughout the history of independent Slovenia many political debates focused on the legalization of prostitution, with which the field of prostitution would be comprehensively regulated. The legalization would also improve working conditions and prevent or reduce abuse and exploitation of people working in the prostitution industry. According to the Misdemeanors against public order and peace act (ZJRM), prostitution was defined as a misdemeanor. In 2003, the amendment ZJRM-B decriminalized prostitution. With the adoption of the Law on the protection of public order and peace (ZJRM-1), the legislator again partially incriminated the so-called street prostitution, which threatens public order and peace. All the while, the abuse of prostitution was illegal, but the level of incrimination changed over time. An important turning point came with the adoption of an amendment to the Criminal Code in 2004. At that time, the criminal offenses "Procuring" (Article 185 KZ) and "Mediation in prostitution" (Article 186 KZ) merged into a new criminal offense entitled as "Abuse of prostitution" (current Article 175 KZ-1). Since then, participation in foreign prostitution has been punishable under our law only if it is carried out for the purpose of "exploitation". At the core of the protection of this crime the protected good is the sexual self-determination of the prostitute. "Participation in foreign prostitution for the purpose of exploitation" is a legal sign of a criminal offense under Article 175 of KZ-1, which was not recognized by the previous legislation, according to which any participation in prostitution of another person was prohibited. In this sense it narrows the field of criminality. However, with the newly introduced legal sign, the problem is its indeterminacy or uncertainty, which shifted the burden of semantically filling it on the shoulders of case law. The main task of the courts is therefore to distinguish criminal forms of participation in prostitution of another person from lawful ones. In the process of interpretation to date, in order to do so, the courts have more or less successfully invoked various circumstances which, in their view, suggest exploitation. The selfishness of the perpetrator is highlighted as the main element. Although economic exploitation is the most common in practice, the perpetrator can also exploit a prostitute in a personal - dignified sense. prostitucija legalizacija zloraba prostitucije spolna samoodločba izkoriščanje koristoljubnost nadzor nad žrtvijo ranljivost žrtve prostitution legalization abuse of prostitution sexual self-determination exploitation selfishness victim control victim vulnerability true true false Š. Sinič] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2020-12-16 19:16:25 2021-01-13 18:05:42 2022-08-09 19:02:57 2021-01-14 03:24:06 2020 0 [Maribor 0 [Maribor 55 f. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 343.544/.545(043.3) 46877443 URN:SI:UM:DK:V9M2PXX5 MAG_Sinic_Spela_2020.pdf MAG_Sinic_Spela_2020.pdf 1 925C7B49F4D6AD0337C74A8DB95CA7F5 d818c9543729e8e0dd16aca94efa869bc0824c240e6362eb5afb25f27cea2b95 0c6105ac-7c12-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/ed9a9885-96c7-4763-9a45-9e48e7db66a6 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=148114 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0