20.500.12556/DKUM-81158 Pravni in izvedbeni vidiki odvzema premoženja nezakonitega izvora diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje Legal and practical aspects of confiscation of assets of illegal origin Institut odvzema premoženja nezakonitega izvora je relativno nov ukrep, katerega namen je sporočiti ljudem, da se kriminal ne izplača. Vedno bolj se uzakonja dvotirni sistem odvzema premoženja, kar pomeni, da se lahko premoženje odvzame tako v kazenskem postopku kot tudi civilnem. Republika Slovenija je zaradi zaščite ekonomske varnosti leta 2011 sprejela Zakon o odvzemu premoženja nezakonitega izvora. Postopek je civilne narave in kazenskemu postopku služi kot dopolnilno orodje. Omenjeni institut (je) (raz)deli(l) širšo in strokovno javnost na dva pola. Nasprotniki mu pravijo kar »drakonski ukrep«, saj naj bi po njihovem mnenju globoko posegal v človekove pravice, predvsem lastninsko pravico in domnevo nedolžnosti, na drugem polu pa so zagovorniki mnenja, da ta ukrep predstavlja legitimno orodje za dosego cilja in da je za ekonomsko stabilnost vsake države potrebno, pod določenimi pogoji, preiskati premoženje in poseči po njem, če njegovega (zakonitega) izvora ni moč dokazati. V zaključnem delu je predstavljena normativna ureditev posameznih faz odvzema premoženja nezakonitega izvora, z namenom ugotovitve dejanskega stanja pa smo izvedli raziskavo, in sicer delno strukturirane intervjuje s posamezniki iz Okrožnega sodišča v Ljubljani in Specializiranega državnega tožilstva, na Policiji pa so podali pisne odgovore na poslan vprašalnik. Na podlagi odgovorov intervjuvancev smo identificirali probleme, s katerimi se soočajo akterji na operativni ravni in podali predloge za izboljšave. Ugotovili smo, da največji problem predstavlja sodelovanje s tujino, odsotnost specializiranega multidisciplinarnega organa za odvzem premoženja nezakonitega izvora ter neenotna tolmačenja sodišč t. i. nadomestnega odvzema premoženja. Menimo, da lahko samo premišljen sprejem zakonodaje omogoča tudi učinkovito delovanje v praksi, prav tako pa ima veliko vlogo tudi sodna praksa, ki se v Republiki Sloveniji v zvezi s tem institutom še ni dokončno izoblikovala. Ne glede na vse, je po mnenju intervjuvancev ZOPNI učinkovit ukrep, ki se bo (ob opozarjanju na pomanjkljivosti) v prihodnosti razvijal v pravo smer. The concept of confiscation of illegally gained assets is a relatively new measure which aims to show the people that crime does not pay off. The two-tier system is getting more and more codified, which means that illegally gained assets can be confiscated in criminal as well as civil proceedings. Republic of Slovenia brought to force the Act of Confiscation of Assets of Illicit Origin (ZOPNI) to protect its economic safety. The procedure is of a civil nature and aims to complement the criminal proceedings. This concept has divided both general and professional public. Its opponents call it a draconian measure, because in their opinion it greatly infringes on the basic human right to property as well as the principle of presumption of innocence. On the other hand, its supporters see it as legitimate mean to investigate and confiscate any illegally gained asset for which its owner cannot provide the proof its of legal origin to secure the economic safety and stability of a country. This thesis looks at individual stages of confiscation of illegally gained assets. To understand the actual state of affairs we conducted research in which we conducted a partially structured interviews with individuals from the District Court of Ljubljana and the Specialized State Attorney’s office. We also reached out to the Slovenian Police, however they did not want take part in the interviews, but they did answer to our questionnaire in written form. Based on the answers of the interviewees we identified the main problems that are faced by the acters in the operative level and gave our suggestions for improvement. We found out that the main problem is the cooperation with foreign countries and a lack of a specialized multidisciplinary authority for confiscation of assets of illicit origin as well as different interpretation of substitute confiscation of assets by the courts. We are of the opinion that only a thought out passing of legislation allows for an effective practical application. A big part in this field is played by the case-law which has yet to be fully developed. No matter what the interviewees share the opinion that ZOPNI is an effective measure which will continue to develop in the right way in the future. diplomske naloge ZOPNI pravni vidiki izvedbeni vidiki problemi učinkovitost ZOPNI legal aspects practical aspects problems efficiency true true false [J. Koren Fric] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2022-01-19 09:35:07 2022-03-01 10:25:56 2022-04-01 10:04:13 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 Ljubljana 2022 Ljubljana V, 60 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 343.1(043.2) 99196931 UN_Koren_Fric_Jona_2022.pdf UN_Koren_Fric_Jona_2022.pdf 1 FC3F0EE4A69687D90091BFA7AC669911 4038fed4953b8312a4293d4ab12494b96154fc01833dcc932ff8c60bddde5cbd 54658ab6-93d8-11ec-9621-00155d000105 20.500.12556/dkum/a8e259a9-4971-40e5-a2cc-8df9e4685181 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=156632 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0