20.500.12556/DKUM-81349 The emergence of gig economy under the impact of digitalization - model of the success factors of freelancers Nastanek gig ekonomije pod vplivom digitalizacije - model dejavnikov uspeha samostojnih ustvarjalcev This dissertation examines the emergence of the gig economy under the impact of digitalisation, focusing on one alternative form of work – freelancing. Over the past two decades, new and contemporary occupational concepts have emerged in the context of technological advances and the reorganisation of employment relationships in the wake of digitalisation. Technology has enabled many things to be done online or remotely, and for work to be broken down into smaller components in the form of projects. Scholars explain that the most important innovations influenced by digitalisation are the development of new business models characterised by less dependence on physical elements or dematerialisation of processes, as seen in the “gig economy”. In the gig economy, very short-term tasks or projects within specific activities are performed by individual self-employed workers, usually coordinated through online platforms or applications. As a result, many workers are able to complete tasks in a more efficient and fragmented manner. Unlike traditional careers characterised by hierarchical advancement, organisational career management, and low mobility, many individuals are also becoming more mobile and self-directed in their careers. As a result of these developments, new work arrangements have emerged that are taking up an increasingly large share of the labour market in major economies (such as the US and UK), heightening concerns about how workers are classified and raising questions about entrepreneurship, future career development, work-life balance, employment law frameworks, and social protections. These flexible work arrangements are often referred to as alternative and are performed by independent contractors, known as freelancers. Therefore, the dissertation was carried out to examine this alternative form of work at the national level in Slovenia, and explore the issue of career satisfaction, and specifically whether freelance work allows fulfilment through project work. In this dissertation, a freelancer refers to a self-employed individual without employees who is responsible for paying their own taxes and welfare contributions, works on projects for multiple clients, and works remotely, usually from home. The development of the research model for the purposes of this dissertation is based on Van den Born and Van Witteloostuijn’s (2013) freelancer success model, which is based on the intelligent career framework that consists of three interrelated variables: knowing why, knowing how, and knowing who. The ‘knowing why’ variable mainly reflects our personality traits and motivation. The ‘knowing how’ variable reflects human capital, while the ‘knowing who’ variable reflects social capital inside and outside the workplace (Parker & Arthur, 2004). However, the external environment is missing in this model. Therefore, the dissertation also included the external part, i.e. the external environment consisting of the characteristics of the entrepreneurial ecosystem: government programs, cultural and social norms, legal system support, and digital support. As Slovenia and other EU member states are implementing national strategies for digital transformation, this dissertation provides insight into freelancers in Slovenia and their perceptions of certain aspects of external environmental factors, which may be helpful in evaluating current digital strategies and future policy proposals and decisions. Therefore, the main objective of the dissertation was to test a conceptual model that links multidimensional variables that influence the perceived success of freelancers based on a review of the literature and empirical research, and thus to learn certain specific characteristics of the group of entrepreneurial, self-employed individuals known as freelancers, and to determine the extent to which personality traits, human and social capital, and motivation of the individual, as well as a supportive environment (entrepreneurial ecosystem), Doktorska disertacija obravnava nastanek gig ekonomije pod vplivom digitalizacije in se osredotoča na nove alternativne oblike dela – samostojne ustvarjalce (angl. freelancers). V zadnjih dveh desetletjih so se v kontekstu tehnološkega napredka in reorganizacije delovnih razmerij po digitalizaciji pojavili novi in sodobni koncepti poklicev. Tehnologija je omogočila, da se marsikaj opravi na spletu ali na daljavo ter da se delo razdeli na manjše komponente, znane kot projekti. Iz znanstvenih krogov pojasnjujejo, da so najpomembnejše inovacije, na katere vpliva digitalizacija, razvoj novih poslovnih modelov, za katere je značilna manjša odvisnost od fizičnih elementov ali dematerializacija procesov, kot je gig ekonomija. V gig ekonomiji kratkoročne naloge ali projekte v okviru specifičnih dejavnosti izvajajo posamezni samozaposleni, ki jih običajno usklajujejo po spletnih platformah ali aplikacijah. Posledično lahko veliko delavcev opravlja naloge na učinkovitejši in razdrobljen način. Glede na tradicionalne poklice, za katere je značilno organizacijsko vodenje kariere in nizka mobilnost, ostajajo v svoji karieri bolj mobilni in samousmerjeni. Posledično se pojavljajo novi, prilagodljivejši načini dela, ki zavzemajo vse večji delež trga dela v velikih gospodarstvih (ZDA in Združeno kraljestvo). Takšne prilagodljive delovne ureditve pogosto imenujemo netipične in jih izvajajo neodvisni izvajalci, znani kot freelancerji. Ta trend tudi vzbuja zaskrbljenost glede tega, kako so ti delavci razvrščeni, in postavlja vprašanja o prihodnjem razvoju kariere, upravljanju kariere, o zadovoljstvu s takim načinom dela, ravnovesju med poklicnim in zasebnim življenjem, zakonskem okviru zaposlovanja in socialni zaščiti. V disertaciji je bila preučena tovrstna alternativna oblika dela na nacionalni ravni v Sloveniji. Poleg tega se je zastavilo vprašanje zadovoljstva s kariero, to je, ali samostojni poklic omogoča zadovoljstvo s projektnim delom in kaj vpliva na njihov uspeh? V tej disertaciji se samostojni ustvarjalec imenuje kot freelancer in se nanaša na samozaposlenega posameznika brez zaposlenih, ki plačuje davke, dela na projektih, dela za več strank in dela na daljavo, običajno od doma. Uvod disertacije opredeljuje področje raziskave, problem, namen, cilje in predstavlja razvoj hipotez, vključno s predpostavkami in omejitvami. Predstavljene so tudi raziskovalne metode in potencialni prispevek disertacije k teoriji in praksi. Povzetek teoretičnih ugotovitev Teoretični del študije je sestavljen iz štirih poglavij. V prvem poglavju disertacije je bila proučena digitalizacija kot pojav, ki vpliva na trg dela in družbo kot celoto, s poudarkom na njenem vplivu na poslovni svet, predvsem na podjetništvo in trg dela. Odprte inovacije so postale zelo razširjene v poznem 20. stoletju, saj so se podjetja skušala hitro in učinkovito odzvati na spreminjajoče se konfiguracije virov z izkoriščanjem strokovnega znanja zunaj sten podjetja. Posledično so velika in majhna podjetja razvila svojo organizacijsko strukturo, da bi postala prilagodljivejša, projektno zasnovana in agilna. Nove tehnologije, kot so digitalne platforme, umetna inteligenca, računalništvo v oblaku, internet stvari, brezžična omrežja itd., podjetjem omogočajo delo in ustvarjanje vrednosti na nove načine. Kot posledica je veliko dejavnosti in dela mogoče enostavno izvajati na daljavo (po spletu) z uporabo digitalnih infrastruktur. Prevzem teh digitalnih tehnologij poteka v okviru izraza digitalna transformacija in digitalizacija. V skladu s tem se digitalna transformacija nanaša na strateške spremembe, ki so usmerjene v organizacijsko preobrazbo in se izvajajo s projekti digitalizacije, da bi omogočile pomembne poslovne izboljšave. Nasprotno pa je digitalizacija celovit družbeno-tehnični proces. Vključuje integracijo različnih tehnologij v vidike vsakdanjega družbenega življenja, vključno s pametnimi telefoni, e-vlado, pametnimi domovi, e-zdravjem in pametnimi mesti. Glavne značilnosti dig digitalisation gig economy freelancers predictors of success structural model equation digitalizacija gig ekonomija samostojni ustvarjalci freelancerji dejavniki uspešnosti modeliranje s strukturnimi enačbami true true false [I. Huđek] Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Doktorsko delo/naloga 2022-03-03 11:50:29 2022-11-14 11:58:37 2022-11-15 03:14:11 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 659.2:004:331.5(043.3) 129209859 DOK_Hudek_Ivona_2022.pdf DOK_Hudek_Ivona_2022.pdf 1 B95BDBAA9AEE06D3BF421EE6BB33DABE 17295e530c125498be2b7e2f82a2e1450e73f5cbb6fe510aac77b15d056d5e66 0981ba76-54f3-11ed-8c80-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=164130 Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta 0 0 0