20.500.12556/DKUM-81534 Izolacija in preiskovanje DNK pridobljene iz neprepoznavnih človeških posmrtnih ostankov diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo Extraction and Investigation of DNA of Unrecognisable Human Remains DNK je specifična za vsakega posameznika, zato je pri ugotavljanju identitete zelo uporabna. Uporablja se v civilne in kriminalistične oziroma kazenske namene. Klasični načini prepoznave, kot so obrazna prepoznava svojcev, pregled in primerjava prstnih odtisov in rentgenski posnetki so včasih lahko oteženi oziroma onemogočeni. V teh primerih se forenzični strokovnjaki poslužujejo ugotovitve identitete na podlagi analize DNK. Analiza pa je uspešna le če imamo dovolj kakovostnega vzorca DNK s trupla in primerjalni vzorec (lahko je zobna ščetka, mlečni zobje, histološki preparati ...). A včasih analiza ni uspešna tudi če smo vzorcu s trupla določili profil DNK, kar pomeni, da identitete trupla ne moremo potrditi. Vzorci za pridobitev DNK so lahko različni, to so kosti, zobje, lasje in nohti, na podlagi stanja posmrtnih ostankov pa se forenzični strokovnjaki odločijo za enega izmed njih. Skozi ves proces so pozorni na kontaminacijo vzorcev in način shranjevanja. Kateri vzorec bodo forenzični izvedenci izbrali je ključnega pomena za nadaljno preiskavo. za ekstrakcijo DNK uporabljajo nekaj različnih metod, katero uporabijo pa je odvisno od količine in stanja pridobljenega vzorca. Sledi analiza, ki pa ne bo uspešna če ene bomo imeli dovolj koncentrirane DNK, ki jo dosežemo z metodo PCR. Za analizo se uporablja metoda kapilarne elektroforeze. Ves postopek v napravi je avtomatiziran, končni rezultat pa so elektroferogrami oziroma profili STR, na podlagi katerih forenzični strokovnjaki interpretirajo rezultate. DNA is specific to each individual, so it is very useful when it comes to establishing identity. It is used for civil and criminal or criminal purposes. Classic methods of identification, such as facial recognition of relatives, examination and comparison of fingerprints and X-rays, can sometimes be difficult or impossible. Forensic experts use analysis based on DNA to individualize the remains in these cases. However, the analysis is successful only if we have enough quality DNA sample from the corpse and a comparative sample (it can be a toothbrush, deciduous teeth, histological preparations ...). Sometimes the analysis is not successful even if we have determined the DNA profile of the sample from the corpse, which means that the identity of the corpse cannot be confirmed. Samples for obtaining DNA can be different, such as bones, teeth, hair and nails, and based on the condition of the remains, forensic experts decide on one of them. Throughout the process, a lot of attention is paid to avoiding sample contamination and storage methods. Which sample forensic experts will choose is crucial for further investigation. Several different methods are used for DNA extraction, depending on the amount and condition of the obtained sample. This is followed by an analysis, which will not be successful if forensic experts do not have enough concentrated DNA, which is achieved by the PCR method. The capillary electrophoresis method is used for analysis. The entire process in the device is automated, and the result is electropherograms or STR profiles, based on which forensic experts interpret the results. diplomske naloge DNK ekstrakcija preiskovanje človeški posmrtni ostanki profiliranje DNK DNA extraction investigation human remains profiling DNA true true false [M. Lovko] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2022-04-08 21:29:41 2022-06-22 09:36:06 2022-08-10 00:34:25 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 Ljubljana 2022 Ljubljana Vi, 33 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 343.98(043.2) 112418307 VS_Lovko_Maja_2022.pdf VS_Lovko_Maja_2022.pdf 1 EE7DA579FFF1FFBE9D1666BAF0A8F8F2 212c57554846b5bda5b94332ee8543b457243872ccbca77548df5716fb90f5de 445ba2c2-d9cc-11ec-b6ab-00155d000105 20.500.12556/dkum/e80ed6ef-2cbf-41d7-ae8a-32260f7492bc https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=157985 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0