20.500.12556/DKUM-81674 Razhajanja v islamu in terorizem magistrsko delo Divergences in Islam and terrorism Islam je ena izmed največjih svetovnih religij, ki poudarja mirno komunikacijo v družbi ter svoje vernike nagovarja, da se izogibajo vojni in nasilju. Kljub temu med muslimani prihaja do nesporazumov glede interpretacije verskih načel, kar lahko vodi v nasilje. Nasilje se je tekom zgodovine v islamu pojavilo večkrat, posluževale pa so se ga ekstremistične sekte, ki so na svojstven oziroma napačen način interpretirale Koran in Suno. Sprva je bil terorizem usmerjen na verske in politične voditelje, kasneje pa so tarče postali tudi ostali državljani. Tako v preteklosti kot danes se nasilni ekstremisti pogosto naslanjajo na ideologijo tekfija. Vprašanje tekfira je v islamu izrednega pomena, saj je lahko posameznik, ki ga razglasijo za nevernika, v določenih primerih izločen iz islamske skupnosti in obsojen na smrtno kazen. Ta obtožba ima velike posledice, saj ekstremistom dopušča džihad. Pri izvajanju džihada pa se ekstremisti ne ozirajo na številna pravila in omejitve, ki jih v zvezi z džihadom predpisuje islamski nauk. Tovrstna praksa je razširjena tudi med islamskimi fundamentalisti, salafiti in vahabiti, ki poudarjajo, da je njihova interpretacija in njihovo prakticiranje islama edino pravilno in da so vse druge interpretacije islama napačne. Nasilni ekstremizem se je v zadnjih letih dodatno okrepil z razglasitvijo Islamske države. Pripadniki in simpatizerji Islamske države teror uporabljajo za doseganje političnih in ideoloških ciljev, pri tem pa svoja dejanja opravičujejo z vero. Ekstremistične skupine tako muslimane in islam predstavljajo v slabi luči, zato ni nič kaj nenavadno, da se v številnih evropskih državah soočajo s pojavom islamofobije. Slednjo spodbujajo tudi mediji, ki namerno ali nenamerno širijo islamistično propagando. Izkrivljeno podobo islama poskušajo popraviti uradne islamske institucije, ki želijo islam ljudem predstaviti v njegovi pravi luči, in sicer kot miroljubno vero. Jasno izražajo svoje nestrinjanje z ekstremističnimi skupinami in strogo obsojajo terorizem, pri tem pa sodelujejo z različnimi institucijami in vplivneži muslimanskega sveta. Kljub prizadevanju številnih verskih in neverskih institucij za odpravo terorizma, je ekstremistična misel pri nekaterih posameznikih in družbah še vedno globoko zakoreninjena. Širjenje takšne misli je bilo v preteklosti in je še danes glavni vzrok za številne žrtve po celem svetu. Islam is one of the world's largest religions, emphasizing peaceful communication in society and urging its believers to avoid war and violence. Nevertheless, there are misunderstandings among Muslims regarding the interpretation of religious principles, which can lead to violence. Violence has occurred several times in the course of history in Islam, and has been used by extremist sects, which misinterpreted the Koran and the Sunnah. Initially, terrorism was targeted at religious and political leaders, but later other citizens also became targets. Both in the past and today, violent extremists often rely on the ideology of takfir. The issue of takfir is of paramount importance in Islam, as an individual who is declared an infidel may, in certain cases, be expelled from the Islamic community and sentenced to death. This accusation has great consequences as it allows extremists to perform jihad. In performing jihad, however, extremists do not heed the many rules and restrictions imposed by Islamic doctrine in relation to jihad. This kind of practice is also widespread among Islamic fundamentalists, Salafists and Wahhabis, who emphasize that their interpretation and their practice of Islam is the only correct one and that all other interpretations of Islam are wrong. Violent extremism has intensified in recent years with the proclamation of Islamic State. Members and Islamic State sympathizers use terror to achieve political and ideological goals, justifying their actions by religion. Extremist groups present both Muslims and Islam in a bad light, so it is not uncommon for many european countries to face Islamophobia. The latter is also encouraged by the media, which intentionally or unintentionally spreads propaganda against Islam. The distorted image of Islam is tried to be corrected by official Islamic institutions, which want to present Islam to the people in its true light, i.e. as a peaceful religion. They clearly express their disagreement with extremist groups and strongly condemn terrorism. They fight extremists by cooperating with various institutions and influencers of the Muslim world. Despite the efforts of many religious and non-religious institutions to eliminate terrorism, extremist thought is still deeply rooted in some individuals and societies. The spread of such thought was in the past and is still today the main cause of many casualties around the world. magistrska dela islam musliman terorizem versko nasilje zloraba vere Islam Muslim terrorism religious violence abuse of religion true true false [A. Beljan] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2022-05-09 15:48:12 2022-06-07 13:49:19 2022-08-10 00:43:36 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 Ljubljana 2022 Ljubljana VIII, 83 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 28:343.3(043.2) 110790403 MAG_Beljan_Andrej_2022.pdf MAG_Beljan_Andrej_2022.pdf 1 3EFF6928A086F91AB03F5F9FEDE4A900 952f8812515b249417e576597e63331c9255e9ce0a0c2abcb11552ed2906eb1d 9b066a43-e0b6-11ec-9cd9-00155d000105 20.500.12556/dkum/78409275-4922-4365-8ac5-f3dde937cc33 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=158202 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0