20.500.12556/DKUM-82249 Evaluation of LNPs as an emulsion stabilizer in Pickering emulsions for cosmetic applications master's thesis Vrednotenje nanodelcev lignina kot stabilizatorja v pickering emulzijah za aplikacije v kozmetiki The growing concern about the environmental impact and human health risk related to the excessive use of synthetic ingredients in cosmetics and topical formulations calls for the exploration of safe and sustainable natural alternatives. Kraft lignin is a polyphenolic compound generated as a by-product from the kraft pulping process in large quantities annually worldwide. In addition to its commercial availability, its structural features and diverse functional properties make it worth to be considered as a bio‐active ingredient for cosmetic and personal care products. The intrinsic limitations of its native form for the development of high-performance products can be overcome by morphology control through particle size reduction to nanoscale. Therefore, in this research lignin nanoparticles were evaluated for the stabilization of Pickering emulsions. First, a screening of conditions and ingredients was carried out to assess the most suitable parameters for the synthesis of emulsions. The synthesis of final Pickering emulsions was performed using a rotor-stator homogenizer followed by ultrasound. The quality of emulsions stabilized with LNPs were assessed in relation to the emulsification process parameters and ingredients used in the formulation. In generenal, higher concentration of LNPs and volume of oil favoured the emulsion stability. Sun protection factor test showed promising values for application of LNPs in the sunscreen field. We compared the SPF of emulsions prepared with orange, coconut, and paraffin oil. The results showed that emulsion with orange oil had the highest SPF at 16.5, with coconut oil it was 8.8, and the lowest for emulsion with paraffin oil which was 1.7. Zaradi vse večje zaskrbljenosti vpliva na okolje in tveganja za zdravje ljudi, povezanega s prekomerno uporabo sintetičnih sestavin v kozmetiki in lokalnih formulacijah, je potrebno raziskati varne in trajnostne naravne alternative. Kraft lignin je polifenolna spojina, ki nastaja kot stranski proizvod pri procesu kraft razgradnje v velikih količinah letno po vsem svetu. Poleg tega, da je komercialno dostopen, ga je zaradi njegovih strukturnih značilnosti in različnih funkcionalnih lastnosti vredno obravnavati kot bioaktivno sestavino za kozmetične izdelke in izdelke za osebno nego. Naravne omejitve njegove izvirne oblike za razvoj visoko zmogljivih izdelkov je mogoče odpraviti z nadzorom morfologije in sicer z zmanjšanjem velikosti delcev na nanometrsko raven. Iz tega razloga so bili v tej raziskavi ocenjeni nanodelci lignina za stabilizacijo Pickering emulzij. Najprej je bil opravljen pregled pogojev in sestavin za oceno najprimernejših parametrov za sintezo emulzij. Sinteza končnih Pickering emulzij je bila izvedena z uporabo homogenizatorja rotor stator, ki mu je sledil ultrazvok. Kakovost emulzij, stabiliziranih z ligninskimi nanodelci, je bila ocenjena glede na parametre postopka emulgiranja in sestavine, uporabljene v formulaciji. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da sta višja koncentracija nanodelcev lignina in volumen olja vplivala na stabilnost emulzije. Preizkus zaščitnega faktorja pred soncem je pokazal obetavne rezultate za uporabo nanodelcev lignina na področju zaščite pred soncem. Primerjali smo zaščitni faktor pred soncem za emulzije narejene s pomarančnim, kokosovim in parafinskim oljem. Rezultati so pokazali, da je najvišji faktor znašal 16.5 pri pomarančnem olju, 8.8 pri kokosovem in 1.7 pri parafinskem olju. lignin LNPs oils Pickering emulsions lignin nanodelci lignina Pickering emulzije olja true true false [N. Blažević] Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2022-08-08 09:46:11 2022-09-05 12:10:20 2022-09-08 03:07:48 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XII, 77 f.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2027-09-01 620.3:665.52(043.2) 120508163 MAG_Blazevic_Nicole_2022.pdf MAG_Blazevic_Nicole_2022.pdf 1 CC30DB27287EE5FBF21614D0958CCCE6 0687620af131390fd98094854246ed2b8d22d320e94279580f5a39a117bb9290 feaed167-2ab8-11ed-9218-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=161612 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0