20.500.12556/DKUM-82507 Termična obdelava odpadkov in mulja iz industrije rastlinskih olj magistrsko delo Thermal treatment of waste and sludge from vegetable oil industry V magistrskem delu obravnavamo odpadke iz industrije rastlinskih olj: odpadno belilno zemljo, filtracijski dodatek in mulj. Mulj nastaja pri čiščenju odpadnih vod iz proizvodnje olj, odpadna belilna zemlja in filtracijski dodatek pa se uporabljata pri sami proizvodnji olj. Odpadke smo termično obdelali s postopki pirolize, sežiga in torefikacije ter jih kemijsko analizirali. Na surovinah in trdnih produktih smo izvedli proksimativno in ultimativno analizo. Določili smo vsebnost maščob v vzorcih ter izvedli analizo infrardeče spektroskopije s Fourierjevo transformacijo (FTIR). Rezultate eksperimentov smo matematično obdelali in jih ovrednotili. Največjo izgubo mase po termični obdelavi vzorcev smo zaznali pri piroliziranih in sežganih vzorcih, kar so potrdile tudi analize vsebnosti pepela in hlapnih snovi. Analiza FTIR spektrov je pokazala, da neobdelani in toreficirani vzorci vsebujejo funkcionalne skupine, značilne za olja in voske, medtem ko pri piroliziranih in sežganih vzorcih tovrstne funkcionalne skupine niso prisotne. Glede na analizo kurilne vrednosti je energetsko najbolj bogat odpadek filtracijski dodatek, sledita mu mulj in odpadna belilna zemlja. V nadaljevanju smo izvedli termogravimetrično analizo (TGA) omenjenih odpadkov v inertni atmosferi v temperaturnem območju od 30 °C do 900 °C pri treh različnih hitrostih segrevanja: 10 °C/min, 20 °C/min in 30 °C/min. Zbrane podatke smo analizirali s pomočjo Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) in Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) kinetičnih modelov. Analiza termogravimetričnih krivulj testiranih vzorcev je pokazala, da se večina vzorcev razgradi v temperaturnem območju do 600 °C, kjer poteče predvsem razgradnja hlapnih snovi, olj in voskov. Mehanizmi razgradnje in optimalna temperatura razgradnje se glede na vrsto odpadka bistveno razlikujejo. Končna izbira ustreznega termičnega postopka je tako odvisna od vrste materiala in želenega produkta ter od investicijskih in obratovalnih stroškov obrata. Rezultati analiz so pokazali, da sta piroliza in sežig izredno učinkovita pri energetski izrabi vseh treh vrst odpadkov, medtem ko s torefikacijo ne dosežemo želenih rezultatov, saj se energetske lastnosti toreficirane biomase zaradi njenih specifičnih lastnosti bistveno ne izboljšajo. In the master's thesis we deal with the wastes from the vegetable oil industry: spent bleaching earth, spent filtration earth and sewage sludge. Sewage sludge is generated during the treatment of wastewater from oil production, while spent bleaching earth and spent filtration earth are used in oil production itself. The wastes were thermally treated by pyrolysis, combustion and torrefaction and then chemically analyzed. Proximate and ultimate analysis was performed on the raw materials and solid products. Fat content of the samples was determined, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed. The results of the experiments were mathematically processed and evaluated. The highest weight loss after heat treatment of the samples was observed in pyrolyzed and combusted samples, which was also confirmed by the analysis of ash content and volatiles. Analysis of FTIR spectra showed that the untreated and torrefied samples contained functional groups characteristic of oils and waxes, while the pyrolyzed and combusted samples had no such functional groups. The analysis of calorific value showed that the most energetic waste is the spent filtration earth, followed by sludge and spent bleaching earth. We then performed thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of these wastes in an inert atmosphere in the temperature range from 30 °C to 900 °C at three different heating rates: 10 °C/min, 20 °C/min, and 30 °C/min. The collected data were analyzed using Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) kinetic models. The analysis of the thermogravimetric curves of the studied samples showed that most of the samples decompose in the temperature range up to 600 °C, where the decomposition of volatiles, oils and waxes takes place. The decomposition mechanisms and the optimum decomposition temperature differ significantly depending on the type of waste. Therefore, the final choice of the appropriate thermal process depends on the type of material and desired product, as well as the investment and operating costs of the plant. The results of the analyzes show that pyrolysis and combustion are very efficient for energy recovery of all three types of waste, while torrefaction does not provide the desired results, as the energy properties of torrefied biomass are not significantly improved due to its specific characteristics. piroliza sežig torefikacija odpadna belilna zemlja filtracijski dodatek mulj pyrolysis combustion torrefaction spent bleaching earth spent filtration earth sewage sludge true true false [N. Rašl] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2022-08-23 12:10:43 2022-09-08 18:53:50 2022-09-15 03:12:54 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (IX, 50 f.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 628.336.7:664.34(043.2) 121248771 MAG_Rasl_Neza_2022.pdf MAG_Rasl_Neza_2022.pdf 1 06EE89F021A612D4CAB13981DA75AFC5 733cd966a2cfc6cad4c123c677de87ce69a152d9894bf305a977c19c06141c2f b92cd111-2ea5-11ed-aa41-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=162067 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0