20.500.12556/DKUM-82759 Termogravimetrična, ultimativna in proksimativna analiza plastičnih materialov diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnje Thermogravimetric, ultimate and proximate analysis of plastic materials Onesnaževanje s plastiko je eden izmed najbolj perečih okoljskih problemov, saj za hitro naraščajočo proizvodnjo plastičnih izdelkov iz neobnovljivih materialov pretežno za enkratno uporabo, še ni ustreznih rešitev. Dandanes se proizvede približno 300 milijonov ton plastičnih odpadkov na dan, večina jih je proizvedenih iz kemikalij pridobljenih iz nafte, zemeljskega plina in premoga. Plastični izdelki za široko uporabo so proizvedeni iz materialov kot so polietilen tereftalat (PET), iz katerega pridobivajo plastenke za pijače, polietilen visoke gostote (HDPE), katerega običajno uporabijo za embalažo šamponov, detergentov in drugi. Plastične odpadke je mogoče zmanjšati z recikliranjem ter z uporabo plastike proizvedene iz bioloških virov, ki ima krajši čas razgradnje in ne vsebuje zdravju škodljivih kemikalij. Namen diplomske naloge je bil opraviti termogravimetrično, ultimativno in proksimativno analizo sedmih plastičnih materialov (PET, rPET, PET vlakna, HDPE, rHDPE, PLA in vlakna iz melaminske eterificirane smole – MER). V izbranih materialih smo določili vsebnost vlage, hlapnih snovi ter pepela in vsebnost fiksnega ogljika in posameznih elementov. Dodatno smo izvedli FTIR analizo, termogravimetrično analizo (TGA) in diferenčno dinamično kalorimetrijo (DSC). Rezultati kažejo, da se od vseh materialov najbolj razlikujejo plastični materiali iz vlaken (PET vlakna in MER vlakna) ter biomase (PLA), najbolj pa izstopa material MER. Predvsem po visoko izmerjeni količini dušika, kar smo opazili tudi pri FTIR spektru, ki se od ostalih zelo razlikuje zaradi vsebnosti amino skupin. Materiala PET in HDPE se od svojih recikliranih materialov razlikujeta v podobnih odstopanjih, na podlagi TGA/DSC in FTIR analize, do katerih pa je najverjetneje prišlo med samim postopkom recikliranja in dodatkom nečistoč. Proksimativna, ultimativna in FTIR analiza so pokazale, da sta si materiala PET vlakna in PLA zelo podobna, kar je razumljivo, saj gre za vlaknasta materiala, ki oba vsebujeta organske kisline. Plastic pollution is one of the most pressing environmental problems, as there are still no suitable solutions for the rapidly growing production of plastic products from non-renewable materials, mainly for single use. Today, approximately 300 million tons of plastic waste is produced per day, most of which is produced from chemicals derived from oil, natural gas, and coal. Plastic products for general use are produced from materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), from which beverage bottles are obtained, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which is commonly used for packaging shampoos, detergents, and others. Plastic waste can be reduced by recycling and using plastics produced from biological sources, which decompose in a shorter time and do not contain harmful chemicals. The purpose of the thesis was to perform thermogravimetric, ultimate, and proximate analysis of seven plastic materials (PET, rPET, PET fibers, HDPE, rHDPE, PLA – polylactic acid and fibers from melamine etherified resin - MER fibers). We determined their moisture content, content of volatile substances and ash, and content of fixed carbon and individual elements. The results of FTIR analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential dynamic calorimetry (DSC) were obtained graphically. The results show that of all the materials, plastic materials made of fibers (PET fibers and MER fibers) and biomass (PLA) differ the most, and the MER material stands out the most. Mainly due to the high measured amount of nitrogen, which was also observed in the FTIR spectrum, which is very different from the others due to the content of amino groups. PET and HDPE materials differ from their recycled materials in similar deviations, based on TGA/DSC and FTIR analysis, which most likely occurred during the recycling process itself and the addition of impurities. Proximate, ultimate and FTIR analysis showed that the materials PET fibers and PLA are very similar, which is understandable, since they are fibrous materials that both contain organic acids. plastični materiali recikliranje materiali iz vlaken termokemijske lastnosti ultimativna in proksimativna analiza. plastic materials recycling fiber materials thermochemical properties ultimate and proximate analysis. true true false [A. Prša] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2022-08-31 20:58:03 2022-09-16 13:46:50 2022-11-24 03:07:01 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VIII, 30 f.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 66.02(043.2) 130598403 UN_Prsa_Amadeja_2022.pdf UN_Prsa_Amadeja_2022.pdf 1 70C184F2A952304B0BB29629D55D0252 34e932a146de9827eb6e517b2557c1cf7784e6f6796631d2a3a16b05420083e6 fc73fc23-3397-11ed-80b1-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=162593 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0