20.500.12556/DKUM-83373-d0733114-31c1-abe1-c3df-34ba3182eac8 Stvarni omejevalni ukrepi diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje Substantive restrictive measures Omejevalni ukrepi zavzemajo posebno mesto v kazenskem postopku, saj gre za posege v pravice in svoboščine obdolžencev že pred pravnomočno obsodilno sodbo, kar pomeni, da zanje še ni bilo ugotovljeno, če so sploh storili kaznivo dejanje. Ker pravnomočne obsodilne sodbe še ni, obdolženca varuje domneva nedolžnosti, zaradi česar so ti ukrepi lahko precej nevarni. Zavoljo tega mora biti za vsak tak poseg izpolnjen zakonsko določen pogoj, vključno z dokaznim standardom. Omejevalnih ukrepov nikoli ne smemo jemati za samoumevne, kot nujno posledico uvedbe kazenskega postopka po domnevno storjenem kaznivem dejanju. Ravno nasprotno, vselej so izjema in nikoli pravilo. Kljub temu pa ima država pravico, do uporabe prisilnih ukrepov, ki ji omogočajo izvedbo kazenskega postopka. V Sloveniji omejevalne ukrepe ločimo na osebne ali personalne, pri katerih država poseže v osebno svobodo posameznika ter stvarne ali realne, kjer se poseže v posameznikovo premoženje. Ne glede na vrsto, so ti namenjeni za odpravo nevarnosti ter zagotovitev učinkovite izvedbe kazenskega postopka. V diplomski nalogi se osredotočamo na stvarne omejevalne ukrepe, se pravi ukrepe, ki posežejo v premoženje obdolženca ali drugih oseb in se v praksi uporabljajo dokaj pogosto. Mednje spadajo začasni zaseg predmetov, začasno zavarovanje premoženjskopravnega zahtevka in začasno zavarovanje odvzema protipravne premoženjske koristi. Namenjeni pa so zagotoviti oziroma zavarovati uspešno izvedbo kazenskega postopka in izvršitev sodbe na koncu postopka. Stališče kazenskega prava je, da koristi, pridobljene s kaznivim dejanjem ali zaradi njega, nihče ne sme obdržati. Ravno zato morajo v kazenskem postopku odvzeti vse predmete, ki so bili uporabljeni, namenjeni ali pridobljeni s kaznivim dejanjem. Restrictive measures take up a special place in the criminal proceeding, as they interfere with the rights and freedoms of the defendants even before a final conviction, which means that it has not yet been established if they have committed the criminal act in the first place. There is no final conviction, thus the defendant is protected by the presumption of innocence, which can make these measures quite dangerous. Therefore, any such intervention must comply with a statutory condition, including a standard of proof. Restrictive measures should never be taken for granted as a necessary consequence of the initiation of criminal proceedings after an allegedly committed crime. On the contrary, they are always the exception and never the rule. Nevertheless, the state has the right to use coercive measures that enable it to carry out criminal proceedings. In Slovenia, restrictive measures are divided into personal, where the state interferes with one’s freedom, and substantive, where one's property is interfered with. Regardless of the type, they are intended to eliminate the danger and ensure that the criminal procedure is carried out effectively. In the thesis, we focus on substantive restrictive measures, that is, measures that interfere with the property of the defendant or other persons and are used quite often in practice. These include the temporary seizure of objects, the temporary securing of a property claim, and the temporary securing of the confiscation of unlawful property benefits. They are intended to ensure or guarantee the successful execution of criminal proceedings and the execution of the judgment at the end of the proceedings. The position of criminal law is that no one should keep the benefits obtained by or as a result of a crime. This is precisely why, in criminal proceedings, they must confiscate all items that were used, intended for, or obtained through a criminal act. stvarni omejevalni ukrepi Zakon o kazenskem postopku začasni zaseg predmetov začasno zavarovanje premoženjskega zahtevka začasno zavarovanje odvzema protipravne premoženjske koristi diplomske naloge substantive restrictive measures Criminal Procedure Act temporary seizure of objects the temporary securing of a property claim the temporary securing of the confiscation of unlawful property benefit true true false [S. Koncilija] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2022-11-08 17:42:13 2022-12-08 08:36:00 2022-12-09 03:06:42 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 Ljubljana 2022 Ljubljana VIII f., 40 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 343.13(043.2) 132849155 UN_Koncilija_Sara_2022.pdf UN_Koncilija_Sara_2022.pdf 1 94E4F698B0E93CE4F46E0CCCF613C6B1 b7dd380c43090294520becacf5027f6696db1b85e02c1f3efb489b422da65bbd 85c5e904-7646-11ed-8a9b-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=164767 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0