20.500.12556/DKUM-83893 Morfometrična analiza medvrstnih križancev ploščiča, Abramis brama in androge, Blicca bjoerkna magistrsko delo Morphometrical analysis of hybrids of fish species abramis brama and blicca bjoerkna Namen naloge je bil s pomočjo geometrijske morfometrije analizirati variabilnost v obliki in velikosti osebkov vrst ploščič (Abramis brama), androga (Blicca bjoerkna) in njunih potencialnih križancev. Analizo morfološke variabilnosti smo opravili na osebkih, ki smo jih pridobili iz Ledavskega in Šmartinskega jezera. Analizo oblike smo izvedli na vzorcu skupno 66 osebkih, od tega jih je 19 prihajalo iz Ledavskega jezera, preostalih 45 pa iz Šmartinskega jezera. Osebke smo s pomočjo literature predhodno uvrstili v eno od vrst, diagnostično vrednost so imeli morfološki znaki: število plavutnic v podrepni plavuti, število lusk med pobočnico in hrbtno plavutjo, število lusk na pobočnici. Skupno smo klasificirali 31 ploščičev, 5 androg, 29 medvrstnih križancev in 1 rdečeoko (Rutilus rutilus). V statistični obravnavi smo osebke ponovno razvrstili v operacijske taksonomske enote na podlagi rezultatov analize glavnih komponent in s temi skupinami operirali čez preostale teste in analize. Razporeditev osebkov v analizi PCA v prepoznavne skupine smo preverili z metodo K-means. Na osebkih smo izvedli linearno diskriminantno analizo, skupine smo definirali na podlagi razvrščanja v skupine v analizi PCA. V raziskavi smo preučevali velikost osebkov, njihovo obliko in alometrijo. S statističnimi testi smo dokazali, da se med osebki ločeno po vrstah oziroma operacijskih taksonomskih enotah pojavlja statistično signifikantna razlika v velikosti. Velikost osebkov ločeno po vrstah si je sledila od največjih androg, rdečeoke, križancev, do najmanjše skupine ploščičev. Informacijo o obliki rib smo iz podatkovnega niza pridobili s Prokrustovo analizo in jo naknadno analizirali z analizo glavnih komponent. Ugotovili smo, da je prvih 10 glavnih komponent pojasnilo 95 % variance. V nadaljnje teste smo vključili prve štiri glavne komponente, ki so skupno pojasnile dobrih 80 % variance v obliki. Vzdolž prvih dveh komponent so se osebki razporedili v operacijske taksonomske skupine, vzdolž tretje in četrte komponente ni bilo prisotnega razporejanja po operacijskih taksonomskih skupinah. Na koncu smo preverili še vpliv alometrije na posamezno operacijsko taksonomsko enoto in ugotovili, da alometrija v celotnem vzorcu vpliva na obliko osebkov, ločeno po skupinah pa na obliko nima vpliva. Raziskava je pokazala jasno ločene razlike med operacijskimi taksonomskimi enotami v obliki telesa rib. Determinacija z dihotomnim ključem je prepoznala določene osebke križancev kot ploščiče. Za natančno določitev vrste, bi bilo potrebno opraviti genetske analize, ki bi pokazale vrstno pripadnost osebkov kot tudi introgresijo genov materinskih vrst. The purpose of the thesis was shape analysis in specimens’ sample of common bream (Abramis brama), silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna) and their potential hybrids. The specimens were sampled in Lake Ledava and Lake Šmartno. Shape analysis was conducted on 66 specimens, 19 of them coming from Lake Ledava and the remaining 45 from Lake Šmartno. The specimens were grouped between both species and hybrids with the help of dichotomous key and already known morphological traits from literature: number of fin rays in anal fin, number of scales between lateral line and dorsal fin, number of scales on the lateral line. All together we identified 31 common breams, 5 silver breams, 29 hybrids and 1 roach (Rutilus rutilus) specimen. The specimens were more accurately categorized in operational taxonomic units on the base of principal component analysis. The result of the principal component categorization was used in further tests and analysis. Categorizing to species groups with principal component analysis was further tested with K-means clustering. Linear discriminant analysis was conducted, according to group definition based on principal component analysis. The main studied categories were species size, shape as well as allometry. We have provided statistical evidence, of a statistically significant difference in size, based on operational taxonomic units. The species size was going from the biggest silver bream, following roach, hybrids, to the smallest common bream. For shape analysis principal component analysis was used. The result of principal component analysis showed that the first 10 principal components explain 95 % of variance. For further analysis, the first 4 principal components, that explained 80 % of variation, were used. The first two components were the distinguishing factor between groups, third and fourth showed within group differences. Allometric analysis based on the operational taxonomic units showed us, that allometry is present in the whole species sample, but does not affect shape in groups. The thesis has showed clearly defined differences in shape in operational taxonomic units. Because of mixing of certain hybrid specimen with common bream specimen, based on dichotomous key and morphological traits differentiation, further genetic analysis should be conducted to accurately show species belonging and gene introgression of maternal groups. Abramis brama Blicca bjoerkna geometrijska morfometrija hibridizacija Abramis brama Blicca bjoerkna geometric morphometrics hybridization true true false [R. Pekušek] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Lendava (Slovenija ; občina); Šmartno (Občina Brda, Slovenija); Magistrsko delo/naloga 2023-03-06 10:14:39 2023-03-23 12:53:17 2023-03-24 03:07:56 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2023 0 Maribor 0 Maribor XI, 56 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 592/599(497.4)(043.2) 146258947 MAG_Pekusek_Rok_2023.pdf MAG_Pekusek_Rok_2023.pdf 1 5F02C7C1A0977A206F2BE335675F1903 d12d41febdd698bc18d219f1fb74195ead71777625c443c32f29165cea2e62d0 ff3ee0f0-bcd2-11ed-ad1a-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=165964 Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko 0 0 0