20.500.12556/DKUM-85265 Primerjava lastnosti produktov pridobljenih s hidrotermalno karbonizacijo in torefikacijo diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnje Comparison of the properties of products obtained by hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction V diplomskem delu smo želeli primerjati postopka hidrotermalne karbonizacije in torefikacije ter lastnosti končnih produktov. Surovini, ki smo ju toplotno obdelali, sta bili papirni in biološki mulj iz papirne industrije. Preverili smo tudi, kakšen je efekt predhodne obdelave mulja z alkoholnim kisom. Hidrotermalno karbonizacijo smo izvedli pri 250 °C z različnima reakcijskima časoma, in sicer 2 h in 4 h. Torefikacijo smo izvedli v atmosferi z dušikom in atmosferi z ogljikovim dioksidom, pri čemer smo vzorce enkrat segreli do 250 °C, drugič pa do 350 °C. Analiza plinov, ki so se sproščali med torefikacijo, je pokazala, da je ogljikov dioksid tisti plin, ki nastaja v največji meri. Iz elementne analize je razvidno, da se delež ogljika v toplotno obdelanih vzorcih poveča, razmerje H/C in O/C pa se zmanjša. Razmerje goriva je dosti večje pri vzorcih, obdelanih s torefikacijo. Toplotna obdelava zviša kurilno vrednost. Nakisani vzorci so imeli po večini višjo kurilno vrednost. Z višjo temperaturo in daljšim časom obdelave praviloma dobimo oglje, ki ima višjo kurilno vrednost in energijsko gostoto. Največje masne in energijske izkoristke smo dobili pri torefikaciji na 250 °C, na izkoristek pa sta najbolj vplivala temperatura torefikacije in vrsta obdelovanega materiala. Glede na FTIR-spektre sklepamo, da so se celuloza, hemiceluloza in lignin med toplotno obdelavo v večini razgradili. Izmerili smo tudi vrednost pH in prevodnost ter določili vsebnost nutrientov v procesnih tekočinah, ki smo jih dobili s hidrotermalno karbonizacijo. In the graduation thesis, we wanted to compare the processes of hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction and the features of the final products. The raw materials that were thermally treated were paper and biological sludge from the paper industry. We also checked the effect of the pre-treatment of the sludge with alcohol vinegar. The hydrothermal carbonization was performed at 250 °C with different reaction times, namely 2 and 4 hours. The torrefaction was performed in an atmosphere with nitrogen and atmosphere with carbon dioxide, where the samples were once heated to 250 °C and the second time to 350 °C. Analysis of the gases released during torrefaction showed that carbon dioxide is the gas that is produced to the greatest extent. The elemental analysis showed that the proportion of carbon in the thermally treated samples increases and the ratio H/C and O/C decreases. The fuel ratio is much higher for samples treated with torrefaction. The thermal treatment increases the heating value. The acidified samples generally had a higher calorific value. With higher temperature and longer treatment time we generally get char that has a higher calorific value and enhancement factor. The maximum mass and energy yields were obtained by torrefaction at 250 °C and the yield was mostly influenced by the torrefaction temperature and the type of processed material. Considering the FTIR-spectrums, we assume that cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were mostly degraded during heat treatment. We also measured the pH value and conductivity and determined the content of nutrients in the process liquids obtained by hydrothermal carbonization. termična obdelava torefikacija hidrotermalna karbonizacija odpadki papirne industrije analiza plinov gorivne lastnosti thermal treatment torrefaction hydrothermal carbonization paper industry waste gas analysis fuel properties true true false [M. Zazijal] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2023-08-23 21:27:47 2025-01-15 08:04:35 2025-01-16 03:13:58 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2023 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (IX, 34 str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 628.336.04:676.08(043.2) 222374403 UN_Zazijal_Matej_2023.pdf UN_Zazijal_Matej_2023.pdf 1 DD321F0BCB256168B1DD3F408589DC4A c13e219aa75ccf9ef9f3c12d0d2d9cfac12c65f6d30409e149e5f03b36cb5bcf ecec68cb-41f1-11ee-9a51-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=170209 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0