20.500.12556/DKUM-85925 Češka alternativa: Otokar II. Přemysl in njegova vladavina na Štajerskem, Koroškem in Kranjskem Otokar II. Přemysl in njegova vladavina na Štajerskem, Koroškem in Kranjskem Bohemian alternative: Otakar II. Přemysl and his reign in Styria, Carinthia and Carniola magistrsko delo Sredina 13. stol. je predstavljala kaotično obdobje v Svetem rimskem cesarstvu, v času katerega so številni nemški knezi nestabilnost izkoristili za širjenje lastnega vpliva in za ozemeljsko širitev. Eden izmed najuspešnejših vladarjev v tem obdobju je bil Otokar II. iz češke rodbine Přemyslidov. Smrt avstrijskega in štajerskega vojvode Friderika II. Prepirljivega, zadnjega moškega pripadnika rodbine Babenberžanov, je Otokar izrabil za širitev svoje vladavine proti jugu. Prišlo je do boja za nekdanje Babenberške posesti, pri čemer je Otokar, ki je bil od leta 1253 češki kralj, moral tekmovati z ogrskim kraljem Belo IV. Leta 1251 je bil v Avstriji s strani lokalnega plemstva imenovan za novega vojvodo. Za legitimizacijo njegove oblasti se je poročil z Margareto, sestro Friderika II. Prepirljivega. Leta 1254 je moral večji del Štajerske prepustiti svojemu ogrskem rivalu. Šest let kasneje je prišlo do upora štajerskega plemstva, kar je Otokar izkoristil za vojaški pohod proti Beli IV. Češki kralj je bil uspešen in je leta 1261 zavladal tudi na Štajerskem. Njegova vladavina je bila usmerjena v centralistično reformo administracije, pri čemer je poskušal zmanjšati vpliv in moč plemstva, opiral pa se je predvsem na duhovščino in meščanstvo. Otokar je leta 1269 po smrti njegovega bratranca Ulrika III. Spanheimskega, s katerim je sklenil pogodbo o dedovanju, svojo oblast razširil še na Kranjsko in Koroško. Velik del lokalnega plemstva njegove vladavine ni priznaval, zato je češki kralj ti dve deželi zavzel z vojaškim posredovanjem. Leta 1272 je bil na vrhuncu svoje moči in je pridobil tudi nadzor nad Furlanijo in Oglejskem patriarhatom. Začetek njegovega konca je bila izvolitev Rudolfa I. Habsburškega za novega nemškega kralja. Temu je uspelo združiti Otokarjeve nasprotnike, v očeh katerih je bila njegova vladavina nelegitimna. Ker se mu češki vladar ni želel pokoriti, je med njima leta 1276 prišlo do vojaškega konflikta. Otokar je bil poražen in je moral zapustiti nekdanje babenberške in spanheimske dežele. Dve leti pozneje je Otokar poskusil znova pridobiti izgubljena ozemlja, a je bil pri tem neuspešen in je svoje življenje 26. avgusta izgubil v bitki pri Dürnkrutu. S tem se je končalo obdobje, v katerem je bil velik del današnjega slovenskega ozemlja združen pod enim vladarjem. The mid-13th century was a chaotic period in the Holy Roman Empire, during which many German princes took advantage of the instability to expand their influence and for territorial expansion. One of the most successful rulers of this period was Otakar II of the Přemyslid dynasty. The death of Frederick II the Quarrelsome, the last male member of the Babenberg family, was used by Otakar to extend his rule southwards. There was a battle for the former Babenberg estates, where Otakar, who had been King of Bohemia since 1253, had to compete with King Béla IV of Hungary. In 1251, he was appointed the new Duke of Austria by the local nobility. To legitimise his power, he married Margaret, sister of Frederick II the Quarrelsome. In 1254, he had to leave most of Styria to his Hungarian rival. Six years later, there was a revolt of the Styrian nobility, which Otakar took advantage of to launch a military campaign against Béla IV. The Bohemian king was successful and ruled Styria in 1261. His reign was oriented towards a centralist reform of the administration, trying to reduce the influence and power of the nobility, relying mainly on the clergy and the bourgeoisie. In 1269, after the death of his cousin Ulrich III of Spanheim, with whom he had concluded a succession treaty, Otakar extended his rule to Carniola and Carinthia. Much of the local nobility did not acknowledge his rule, thus the King of Bohemia took these two lands by military intervention. In 1272, at the height of his power, he also gained control of Friuli and the Patriarchate of Aquileia. The beginning of the end for Otakar was the election of Rudolf I of Habsburg as the new King of Germany. Latter succeeded in uniting Otakar's opponents; in whose eyes his rule was illegitimate. As the Bohemian ruler refused to submit to him, a military conflict began between them in 1276. Otakar was defeated and had to leave the former lands of Babenberg and Spanheim dynasties. Two years later, Otakar tried to regain the lost territories; however, was unsuccessful and lost his life at the Battle of Dürnkrut on August 26. This marked the end of a period in which a large part of the present-day Slovenian territory was united under a single ruler. Otokar II. Přemysl Štajerska Kranjska Koroška plemstvo Sveto rimsko cesarstvo Rudolf I. Habsburški Otakar II Přemysl Styria Carniola Carinthia nobility Holy Roman Empire Rudolf I von Habsburg. true true false M. Kurnik Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Slovenija; 1246-1276; Magistrsko delo/naloga 2023-09-19 17:29:19 2023-09-29 11:37:40 2025-03-18 08:56:30 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2023 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VI, 89 str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 94(497.4)"12"(043.2) 166360067 MAG_Kurnik_Marko_2023.pdf MAG_Kurnik_Marko_2023.pdf 1 CE3152AE38B77B119B33225C67645C0C 67ee9d938475c6f7d9b871c6afc7c3be36c9aa03d017e4b6964fdfac18e78c3f 11cec921-5703-11ee-a156-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=172555 Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0