20.500.12556/DKUM-88842 Compatibility of unilateral sanctions with public international law magistrsko delo Skladnost enostranskih sankcij z mednarodnim javnim pravom This master’s thesis systematically analyses the possible obligations and rules of public international law that must be respected when States impose sanctions without the authorisation of the United Nations Security Council or unilateral sanctions. This type of sanctions has been used throughout history and States are increasingly resorting to imposing them within international conflicts. However, they have never been regulated by any authoritative act, and the decisions of international judicial organs are scarce. In the absence of specific rules regulating the use of unilateral sanctions, this thesis focuses on the general provisions and obligations of public international law that States must respect when imposing sanction regimes against other States. One of the fundamental principles of international relations is the principle of sovereign equality of States, under which States must refrain from intervening in the domestic affairs of other States and must respect their sovereign immunity. Furthermore, States are obligated to respect treaty provisions they have consented to, one of them being the World Trade Organisation’s Marrakesh Treaty, under which States need to respect the rules enshrined General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, like most favoured nation principle. Unilateral sanctions such as freezing of assets of States and central banks, travel bans for State representatives, import and export bans and trade embargos all constitute a threat to breach these obligations of public international law. However, even if States impose unlawful unilateral sanctions, their unlawfulness may be precluded under the rules of lawful countermeasures. Inconsistent State practice, divergent opinions of various scholars and lack of codifications make all these rules and prohibitions difficult to determine. However, given the recent increase in the use of unilateral sanctions, this grey area of international law is beginning to be clarified. V magistrski nalogi so sistematično analizirane možne obveznosti in pravila mednarodnega javnega prava, ki jih je treba upoštevati, kadar države uvedejo sankcije brez odobritve Varnostnega sveta Združenih narodov oziroma enostranske sankcije. Tovrstne sankcije so se uporabljale skozi zgodovino, danes pa se države vse pogosteje zatekajo k njihovemu uvajanju v mednarodnih konfliktih. Kljub temu niso bile nikoli urejene z nobenim avtoritativnim aktom, odločbe mednarodnih sodnih organov pa so redke. Ker ni posebnih pravil, ki bi urejala uporabo enostranskih sankcij, se to delo osredotoča na splošna pravila in obveznosti mednarodnega javnega prava, ki jih morajo države spoštovati pri uvedbi sankcijskih režimov proti drugim državam. Eno temeljnih načel mednarodnih odnosov je načelo suverene enakosti držav, po katerem se morajo države vzdržati vmešavanja v notranje zadeve drugih držav, prav tako pa morajo spoštovati njihovo državno imuniteto. Poleg tega morajo države spoštovati obveznosti iz mednarodnih aktov, v katere so privolile. Ena izmed teh je Marakeška pogodba Svetovne trgovinske organizacije, v skladu s katero morajo države spoštovati pravila iz Splošnega sporazuma o carinah in trgovini. Enostranske sankcije, kot so zamrznitev sredstev držav in centralnih bank, prepovedi potovanj za predstavnike držav, prepoved uvoza in izvoza ter trgovinski embargo, predstavljajo grožnjo kršitve obveznosti Svetovne trgovinske organizacije, kot je načelo največjih ugodnosti. Vendar tudi če države uvedejo nezakonite enostranske sankcije, se lahko njihova uporaba upraviči na podlagi pravil o zakonitih protiukrepih. Zaradi nedosledne prakse držav, različnih mnenj različnih znanstvenikov in pomanjkanja kodifikacij so vsa ta pravila in prepovedi težko določljiva. Vendar se glede na nedavno povečanje uporabe enostranskih sankcij to sivo področje mednarodnega prava začenja razjasnjevati. State sovereignty sanctions legal countermeasures coercion national matters human rights immunities inviolability security exception most favoured nation. Suverenost držav sankcije zakoniti protiukrepi prisila notranje zadeve človekove pravice imuniteta nedotakljivost varnostna izjema načelo največjih ugodnosti true true false A. Stanišić Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2024-05-29 18:31:34 2024-06-24 11:57:02 2024-06-25 03:19:23 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (71 str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 341.211(043.3) 199768835 MAG_Stanisic_Andrej_2024.pdf MAG_Stanisic_Andrej_2024.pdf 1 E459AFDABFFFC49C529EF94F93733AD2 37d9ce27f200d9a51a9e3a31ffdc787ed11face29e63c9332e7ecd0431ac4251 178fdcef-2d8b-11ef-932e-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=180614 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0