20.500.12556/DKUM-89296 Iz verig v svobodo: pravni položaj sužnjev v ZDA pred in po osvoboditvi magistrsko delo From chains to freedom: the legal status of slaves in the United States before and after liberation Suženjstvo opisuje stanje, ko je zasužnjen človek last nekoga drugega, pogosto brez pravic, ki bi mu zagotavljale osebno svobodo ali samoodločanje. Pravno so sužnji obravnavani kot premična lastnina, brez večine pravic, ki jih uživajo svobodni ljudje. Sam zgodovinski razvoj suženjstva je dolgotrajen in sega v zgodnje obdobje človeške civilizacije, kjer so se prve oblike suženjstva pojavile v primitivnih družbah. V Babilonu je suženjstvo pridobilo pravni okvir z uvedbo Hamurabijevega zakonika okoli leta 1790 pr. n. št. V antični Grčiji in Rimu je bilo suženjstvo temeljni del ekonomske in družbene strukture. V obdobju rimske civilizacije je bilo suženjstvo obravnavano kot pravni status, kjer je bila družba razdeljena na svobodne ljudi in sužnje. Sužnji so bili obravnavani, kot lastnina svojega gospodarja, ki je imel nad njimi popolno pravico razpolaganja. V novem veku je transatlantska trgovina s sužnji, ki se je začela v 16. stoletju, privedla do transporta milijonov Afričanov v Novi svet, kjer so bili prisilno uporabljeni kot delovna sila na plantažah v Ameriki. Ta praksa je močno vplivala na gospodarstvo, kulturo in družbene strukture tako v Afriki kot v Ameriki. S prihodom idej Razsvetljenstva in spremembami v moralnih vrednotah je suženjstvo postopoma izgubljalo svojo družbeno sprejemljivost, kar je pripeljalo do različnih gibanj za njegovo odpravo v 19. stoletju. Ratifikacija trinajstega amandmaja leta 1865 v ZDA je formalno odpravila suženjstvo, vendar so bili nekdanji sužnji še naprej soočeni z obsežnimi omejitvami in diskriminacijo, kar je močno vplivalo na njihov pravni in družbeni položaj. Magistrska naloga preučuje pravni položaj sužnjev v Združenih državah Amerike pred in po njihovi formalni osvoboditvi, raziskuje pa tudi dolgoročne pravne in družbene posledice suženjstva. Obravnava zgodovinski razvoj suženjstva, zakonske in sodne spremembe ter njihov vpliv na življenja sužnjev. Raziskovalna naloga analizira ključne sodne primere in zakonodajne spremembe, ki so postopoma preoblikovali institucijo suženjstva in vodili k njegovi odpravi. Osredotoča se na zgodovinski kontekst suženjstva na afriški celini, uvoz sužnjev v ZDA in obdobje po državljanski vojni, vključno z obdobjem »Jim Crow« zakonov, ki so še naprej vplivali na pravni in družbeni položaj osvobojenih Afroameričanov. Namen magistrske naloge je prispevanje k boljšemu razumevanju zgodovinskih dejavnikov, ki so oblikovali samo ameriško družbo. Slavery describes a state in which an enslaved person is the property of someone else, often without the rights to guarantee personal freedom or self-determination. Legally, slaves were treated as chattels, without most of the rights enjoyed by free people. The historical development of slavery itself is long-term and goes back to the early period of human civilization, where the first forms of slavery appeared in primitive societies. In Babylon, slavery acquired a legal framework with the introduction of the Code of Hammurabi around 1790 BC. n. no. In ancient Greece and Rome, slavery was a fundamental part of the economic and social structure. During the period of Roman civilization, slavery was considered a legal status where society was divided into free people and slaves. Slaves were considered the property of their master, who had full right of disposal over them. In the new century, the transatlantic slave trade, which began in the 16th century, led to the transportation of millions of Africans to the New World, where they were forcibly used as labor on plantations in the Americas. This practice had a profound effect on the economy, culture, and social structures of both Africa and the Americas. With the advent of Enlightenment ideas and changes in moral values, slavery gradually lost its social acceptance, which led to various movements for its abolition in the 19th century. The ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 in the United States formally abolished slavery, but former slaves continued to face extensive restrictions and discrimination, which greatly affected their legal and social status. The master's thesis examines the legal position of slaves in the United States before and after their formal emancipation, and also explores the long-term legal and social consequences of slavery. Discusses the historical development of slavery, legislative and judicial changes, and their impact on the lives of slaves. The research paper analyzes key court cases and legislative changes that gradually reshaped the institution of slavery and led to its abolition. It focuses on the historical context of slavery on the African continent, the importation of slaves to the United States, and the post-Civil War period, including the period of "Jim Crow" laws that continued to affect the legal and social status of freed African Americans. The purpose of the master's thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the historical factors that shaped American society itself. suženjstvo državljanska vojna abolicionízem suženjski kodeksi Ustava Združenih držav Amerike Afroameričani rasna diskriminacija slavery civil war abolitionism slave codes United States Constitution African Americans racial discrimination true true false J. Kaučič Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2024-07-02 23:35:30 2024-07-11 11:54:43 2024-07-12 04:35:21 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (79 str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 341.231.3(043.3) 201499651 MAG_Kaucic_Jan_2024.pdf MAG_Kaucic_Jan_2024.pdf 1 3236E143BF4EB4EA65258F006796FADF bcd7841050e3af8f4bc5612fa25d10786d98e5edfa4f283e817383557a4445d9 0d62ae83-3c59-11ef-a214-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=181215 MAG_Kaucic_Jan_2024.zip MAG_Kaucic_Jan_2024.zip 1 8BDBEB5A58CA9E4464A6986D4BEF0FE0 de38c6fe659ca1bff272e1d377add008bf665e6a9d81e7f64745198dcdcf7367 6773fe66-38bf-11ef-9e98-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=181027 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0