20.500.12556/DKUM-89579 Odstranjevanje onesnažil (AOX in tenzidi) iz odpadne vode v kozmetični industriji Disposal of pollutants (AOX and surfactants) from wastewater in the cosmetics industry Svet se v zadnjih desetletjih spopada z močno onesnaženostjo okolja, ki je posledica prekomerne človeške dejavnosti. Industrijski obrati dnevno proizvedejo velike količine odpadne vode, ki je polna različnih kemikalij, težkih kovin in drugih strupenih snovi, ki se izlivajo v reke, jezera in morja. V diplomski nalogi smo želeli določiti metodo oziroma zaporedje metod, ki bi učinkovito odstranile adsorbljive organske halogene (AOX-e) in tenzide iz odpadne vode. AOX-i in tenzidi so onesnažila, ki so relativno obstojna, še posebej AOXi in strupena. AOX-e in tenzide smo najprej poskusili odstraniti z metodo koagulacije/flokulacije, ki se je izkazala za zelo učinkovito pri odstranjevanju tenzidov. Ni pa se izkazala pri odstranjevanju AOX-ov, saj so vrednosti AOX-ov še vedno presegale zakonsko predpisano vrednost. Preizkusili smo učinkovitost še dveh metod za dodatno čiščenje; adsorpcijo z aktivnim ogljem in destilacijo. Metodi smo izvedli ločeno na vzorcih izpostavljenih predhodni koagulaciji/flokulaciji. Obe metodi sta bili uspešni pri odstranjevanju tenzidov iz vode, medtem ko je za odstranjevanje AOX-ov bila uspešna le adsorpcija z aktivnim ogljem. Adsorpcija z aktivnim ogljem se je izkazala za uspešno, saj so se vrednosti AOX-ov zmanjšale pod zakonsko predpisano vrednost. Iz tega smo lahko sklepali, da bi kombinacija metod koagulacija/flokulacija in adsorpcija z aktivnim ogljem lahko bila uspešna pri odstranjevanju obeh onesnažil iz odpadne vode. Pri destilaciji so rezultati meritev pokazali, da se je večina AOX-ov predestilirala v destilat, kar pa ni v skladu s tenzidi, ki so večinoma ostali v destilacijskem ostanku. Ugotovili smo, da bi za to metodo morali še nadalje proučiti primerne pogoje obratovanja kot je določitev temperature destilacije pri kateri bi lahko destilirali, da bi tako AOX-i kot tenzidi ostali v destilacijskem ostanku. In recent decades, the world has been struggling with severe environmental pollution caused by excessive human activities. Every day, industrial plants produce large amounts of wastewater contaminated with various chemicals, heavy metals and other toxic substances and discharged them into rivers, lakes and oceans. The aim of this thesis was to find a method or sequence of methods that can effectively remove adsorbable organic halides (AOX) and surfactants from wastewater. AOX and surfactants are pollutants that are very persistent, especially AOX, and toxic. We first tried to remove AOX and surfactants using the coagulation/flocculation method, which was found to be effective in removing surfactants. However, it was not effective in removing AOX as AOX levels were still above the legal limits. We tested the effectiveness of two other methods for additional removal: activated carbon adsorption and distillation. These methods were performed separately on samples obtained after coagulation/flocculation. Both methods were successful in removing surfactants from the water, while only activated carbon adsorption was successful in removing AOX. Adsorption with activated carbon proved successful as AOX levels were reduced below legal limits. From this, we can conclude that a combination of coagulation/flocculation and activated carbon adsorption could be successful in removing both pollutants from wastewater. During distillation, measurement results showed that most of the AOX was distilled into the distillate, which was not consistent with the surfactants as these mostly remained in the distillation residue. We concluded that additional test would be needed to determine the proper operating conditions of distillation as determining appropriate temperature at which both AOX and surfactants would remain in the distillation residue. AOX tenzidi flokulacija adsorbcija destilacija AOX surfactants flocculation adsorption destilation true true false [A. Mohor] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2024-07-23 21:17:43 2024-08-05 12:52:09 2024-11-28 09:10:40 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 628.316.12(043.2) 216780291 VS_Mohor_Ana_2024.pdf VS_Mohor_Ana_2024.pdf 1 75AE28B117F16126E025485AF1E829E8 5e14625276cef2e5c25688e3cdcb7f426ee0b350936760fb2ceef18ca8d9e0ce f2995e32-5313-11ef-a033-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=182010 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0