20.500.12556/DKUM-89837-6b4c9493-916f-9ecc-d41b-bb72d7957f54 Development and validation of the perceived deepfake trustworthiness questionnaire (PDTQ) in three languages Exposure to false information is becoming a common occurrence in our daily lives. New developments in artificial intelligence are now used to produce increasingly sophisticated multimedia false content, such as deepfakes, making false information even more challenging to detect and combat. This creates expansive opportunities to mislead individuals into believing fabricated claims and negatively influence their attitudes and behavior. Therefore, a better understanding of how individuals perceive such content and the variables related to the perceived trustworthiness of deepfakes is needed. In the present study, we developed and validated the Perceived Deepfake Trustworthiness Questionnaire (PDTQ) in English, Italian, and Slovene. This was done in three phases. First, we developed the initial pool of items by reviewing previous studies, generating items via interviews and surveys, and employing artificial intelligence. Second, we shortened and adapted the questionnaire according to experts’ evaluation of content validity and translated the questionnaire into Italian and Slovene. Lastly, we evaluated the psychometric characteristics via a cross-sectional study in three languages (N ¼ 733). The exploratory factor analyses suggested a two-factor solution, with the first factor measuring the perceived trustworthiness of the content and the second measuring the perceived trustworthiness of the presentation. This factorial structure was replicated in confirmatory factor analyses. Moreover, our analyses provided support for PDTQ’s reliability, measurement invariance across all three languages, and its construct and incremental validity. As such, the PDTQ is a reliable, measurement invariant, and valid tool for comprehensive exploration of individuals’ perception of deepfake videos. deepfakes misinformation perception questionnaire validation trust globoki ponaredki misinformacije zaznavanje razvoj vprašalnika zaupanje true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Znanstveno delo 2024-08-14 03:43:10 2024-09-03 12:25:52 2025-06-11 03:32:07 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 str. 6786-6803 št. 11 Letn. 41 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2024-05-01 2024-07-22 2024-08-05 316.77:004.8 203754499 10.1080/10447318.2024.2384821 1044-7318 RAZ_Plohl_Nejc_2024.pdf RAZ_Plohl_Nejc_2024.pdf 1 1EC66F716BB7F1C8A5F6D831244EBF0E 3eedf9635a03a543336106e64dbac6100e20d2cbb718ccb463bdc44a360bcfc5 ba73e12f-45f0-11f0-b2e3-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=192046 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10447318.2024.2384821 0 cce599d0-69de-11ef-af22-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=184200 Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0