20.500.12556/DKUM-89871 Optimiranje odstranjevanja formaldehida iz azeotropne zmesi butanol/isobutanol/formaldehid/metanol/voda s pretvorbo v heksametilentetramin Optimization of formaldehyde removal from an azeotropic mixture of butanol/isobutanol/formaldehyde/methanol/water by conversion to hexamethylenetetramine Namen diplomske naloge je bil preučiti izvedljivost odstranjevanja formaldehida iz azeotropne zmesi butanol/isobutanol/formaldehid/metanol/voda s pretvorbo formaldehida v heksametilentetramin (HMTA). V sklopu eksperimentalnega dela smo izvedli eksperimente v skladu s centralno kompozitnim eksperimentalnim načrtom in razvili statistično relevanten linearni model, ki opisuje odvisnost masnega deleža formaldehida v raztopini v odvisnosti od dodane množine metanola in amonijaka. Z razvitim modelom smo optimirali reakcijske pogoje s ciljem minimiranja deleža formaldehida in preostalega amonijaka v raztopini. Model potrjuje hipotezo, da je prisotnost metanola problematična, saj stabilizira formaldehid (pretvorba formaldehida ob prisotnosti metanola v hemiacetal) in ga tako naredi manj dostopnega za pretvorbo v HMTA. Po pričakovanjih pa višanje množine amonijaka kot reaktanta zmanjšuje delež preostalega formaldehida. Rezultati kažejo, da je na laboratorijski ravni odstranjevanje formaldehida iz azeotropne zmesi s pretvorbo v HMTA izvedljivo. Kot eno izmed možnih tehnologij za ločevanje HMTA iz raztopine smo uporabili vakuumsko destilacijo, s katero HMTA odstranimo kot destilacijski ostanek. Pri pogojih, ki smo jih določili kot optimalne, se je masni delež formaldehida v raztopini znižal iz začetnih 1,39 % na 0,048 %. The aim of the thesis was to investigate the feasibility of removing formaldehyde from the azeotropic mixture of butanol/isobutanol/formaldehyde/methanol/water by converting formaldehyde into hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA). In the experimental part, we conducted experiments according to a central composite experimental design and developed a statistically significant linear model that describes the dependence of the mass fraction of formaldehyde in the solution on the amount of added methanol and ammonia. Using the developed model, we optimized the reaction conditions with the aim of minimizing the proportion of formaldehyde and residual ammonia in the solution. The model confirms the hypothesis that the presence of methanol is problematic as it stabilizes formaldehyde (conversion of formaldehyde in the presence of methanol into hemiacetal), making it less available for conversion to HMTA. Conversely, as expected, increasing the amount of ammonia as a reactant reduces the proportion of residual formaldehyde. The results show that on a laboratory scale, the removal of formaldehyde from the azeotropic mixture by conversion to HMTA is feasible. As one of the possible technologies for separating HMTA from the solution, we used vacuum distillation, with which HMTA is removed as a distillation residue. Under the conditions we determined to be optimal, the mass fraction of formaldehyde in the solution was reduced from an initial 1.39 % to 0.048 %. odstranjevanje formaldehida heksametilentetramin azeotropne zmesi vakuumska destilacija načrtovanje eksperimentov optimiranje reakcijskih pogojev. formaldehyde removal hexamethylenetetramine azeotropic mixture vacuum distillation design of experiments optimization of reaction conditions true true false [J. Hartl] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2024-08-14 23:41:32 2024-09-19 12:45:27 2025-01-06 14:14:51 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 661.727.1.048(043.2) 221037571 UN_Hartl_Jan_2024.pdf UN_Hartl_Jan_2024.pdf 1 90190C75A008448917277B22E2BA4E8D 8efef9e37530ec48e5578aa9195692ae521775adbdc1cf20d4acb28dce28e63d 693340b5-75e8-11ef-8939-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=185439 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0