20.500.12556/DKUM-89881 Opozorilni strel kot prisilno sredstvo - primerjalna študija slovenske in finske ureditve diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje Warning shot as coercive measure - comparative study of Slovenian and Finnish regulations Slovenska policija velja za eno najbolj nadzorovanih državnih institucij z učinkovitim sistemom nadzorovanja policije, enako pa velja policijo na Finskem, ki je pogosto poznana po svoji visoko izobraženi in učinkoviti policiji. Kljub temu, da se gre za dve višje razviti in na področju varstva človekovih pravic primerljivi državi, pa je zakonska ureditev policijske uporabe strelnega orožja različna. V Sloveniji je v 96. členu zakona o nalogah in pooblastilih policije določen postopek uporabe strelnega orožja, ki vključuje in posebej zahteva opozorilni strel, v kolikor ga je mogoče izvesti v varno smer. Nasprotno Finska opozorilnega strela ne zahteva in nanj gleda kot samostojno prisilno sredstvo, za katerega so zahtevani enaki pogoji uporabe kot usmerjeni strel. Hkrati, ob primerjavi modela uporabe strelnega orožja, smo v raziskavi poskušali poiskati definicijo varne smeri, ker je ZNPPol ne definira. To smo storili s pregledom literature in intervjujema s strokovnjakoma iz področja varne uporabe strelnega orožja. V želji po zajemu objektivnih in različnih mnenj, en strokovnjak prihaja iz policije, drugi pa iz zasebne sfere. Ugotovili smo, da opozorilni strel povzroča dodatni stres policistom, saj morajo v hitri in napeti situaciji presojati, ali so pogoji za izvedbo opozorilnega strela izpolnjeni, kje se nahaja varna smer oziroma, ali so podani pogoji za preskočitev opozorilnega strela. Iz tega izhaja, da je finski model boljši, ker prosta izbira uporabe prisilnega sredstva omogoča hitrejše posredovanje in odstrani morebitne zaplete. Obe ureditvi se sicer soočata s problemom ne definirane varne smeri, za katero smo ugotovili, da med strokovnjaki ni konsenza o dejanski varni smeri pri uporabi opozorilnega strela. Zato bi bilo nujno zagotoviti širše sprejeto definicijo varne smeri in jo prenesti v zakonodajo. The Slovenian police is considered one of the most supervised state institutions with an effective system of police oversight, and the same applies to the police in Finland, which is often known for its highly educated and efficient police force. Despite being two highly developed countries with comparable human rights protections, the legal regulation of police use of firearms differs. In Slovenia, Article 96. of the Police Tasks and Powers Act regulates the procedure for the use of firearms, which includes and specifically requires a warning shot, if it can be performed in a safe direction. Conversely, Finland does not require a warning shot and considers it an independent coercive measure, for which the same conditions of use apply as for a directed shot. At the same time, we attempted to find a definition of a safe direction in our research, as the Police Tasks and Powers Act does not define it. We did this by reviewing literature and conducting interviews with two experts in the field of safe firearm use. In our effort to capture objective and diverse opinions, one expert comes from the police force, and the other from the private sector. We found that a warning shot adds additional stress to police officers, since they must assess in a quick and tense situation if conditions for executing a warning shot are met, where the safe direction is, or whether the conditions for skipping the warning shot are met. From this, it follows that the Finnish model is better because the free choice of coercive means allows for faster intervention and eliminates potential complications. Both regulations face the problem of an undefined safe direction. We discovered that there is no consensus among experts on the actual safe direction for a warning shot. Therefore, it would be essential to provide a broadly accepted definition of a safe direction and incorporate it into legislation. opozorilni strel policija strelno orožje prisilna sredstva ZNPPol diplomske naloge warning shot firearms police coercive measures ZNPPol true true false N. Kotnik Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2024-08-15 20:57:40 2024-09-24 13:17:13 2024-09-25 03:15:04 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 Ljubljana 2024 Ljubljana V f., [45] str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 351.741:623.44(043.2) 208740611 UN_Kotnik_Nejc_2024.pdf UN_Kotnik_Nejc_2024.pdf 1 0167182FB21DAF8384449471BC42F35F b4ae679638c59995e57c2c7e625a9ab33d80dd9b1e5217f916d0db28252aba26 784f3fbf-6af6-11ef-b7ab-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=184422 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0