20.500.12556/DKUM-90039-c846c466-ee78-5db6-397c-98d2ed2620fc Analiza tekočih in trdnih produktov procesa torefikacije odpadne biomase diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa I. stopnje Analysis of solid and liquid products formed during torrefication of waste biomass Cilj diplomske naloge je obravnava procesa torefikacije odpadne biomase in karakterizacija nastalih produktov. Za predstavnike odpadne biomase so bili izbrani tri različni vzroci, in sicer miskantus, mešan les ter hmelj. Cilj naloge je proizvesti trdno biogorivo z višjo kurilno vrednostjo v primerjavi s surovo biomaso. Proces torefikacije je potekal eno uro pri treh različnih temperaturah, 250 °C, 350 °C in 450 °C. Produkte smo nato kemijsko karakterizirali. Karakterizacijo smo izvedli na trdnih in tekočih produktih torefikacije ter tudi na surovih vzorcih posameznih biomas. Ovrednotili smo masne izgube, masne izkoristke, energijsko učinkovitost, doprinos energije glede na maso, kurilne vrednosti, vsebnost hlapnih snovi, vlage in pepela. S Fourierjevo transformacijo (FTIR) je bila določena struktura vzorcev, s termogravimetrično analizo (TGA) pa termična razgradnja surove in toreficirane biomase. Z naraščanjem temperature torefikacije se kurilne vrednosti trdnih produktov višajo, nižje pa so vrednosti masnih izkoristkov, energetske učinkovitosti ter delež hlapnih komponent. FTIR analiza prikazuje razgradnjo celuloze, ki jo zaznamo z zmanjšanimi vrhovi, z eliminacijo manjših vrhov pa opazimo delno ragradnjo hemiceluloze in lignina. Zvišanje temperature je povzročilo zmanjšanje moči karboksilnih in -OH skupin. V surovi biomasi zaznamo prisotnost aromatskih spojin, simetrične alifatske skupine ter CO-C funkcionalne skupine, ki jih v primerjavi s toreficirano biomaso več ne zaznamo. TGA analiza je bila izvedena v kisikovi atmosferi pri konstantni hitrosti segrevanja v temperaturnem območju 30-900 °C. Ob višjih temperaturah je pokazala oksidacijo fiksnega ogljika, izhlapevanje težko hlapnih snovi ter razgradnjo anorganskih materialov. Glede na rezultate analiz je razvidno, da so trdni produkti primerni za uporabo kot biogorivo, medtem ko je v tekočih produktih delež vode previsok. The aim of this thesis is to examine the torrefaction process of waste biomass and to characterize the resulting products. Three different samples were selected as representatives of waste biomass: miscanthus, mixed wood, and hops. The goal of the thesis is to produce a solid biofuel that possesses a higher calorific value than raw biomass. The process was carried out for one hour at three distinct temperatures: 250 °C, 350 °C, and 450 °C. The products were subsequently defined by their chemical properties. Characterization was performed on the solid and liquid products of torrefaction as well as on the raw biomass samples. We evaluated mass losses, mass yields, energy efficiency, energy contribution based on mass, calorific values, and the content of volatile matter, moisture, and ash. The composition of the samples was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the thermal degradation of raw and torrefied biomass was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As the torrefaction temperature rises, the calorific values of the solid products increase, while the values of mass yields, energy efficiency, and the proportion of volatile components decrease. FTIR analysis shows the degradation of cellulose, indicated by reduced peaks, and the partial degradation of hemicellulose and lignin is observed through the decrease of smaller peaks. The increase in temperature caused a reduction in the intensity of carboxyl and -OH groups. In raw biomass, the presence of aromatic compounds, symmetric aliphatic groups, and CO-C functional groups can be detected, which are no longer observed in torrefied biomass. TGA analysis was conducted in an oxygen atmosphere at a constant heating rate in the temperature range of 30-900 °C. At higher temperatures, it showed the oxidation of fixed carbon, the evaporation of semi-volatile compounds, and the degradation of inorganic materials. Based on the analysis results, it is evident that the solid products are suitable for use as biofuel, while the water content in the liquid products is too high. obnovljivi viri energije odpadna biomasa hmelj torefikacija kurilna vrednost termogravimetrična analiza miskantus les renewable energy sources waste biomass hops torrefaction heating value thermogravimetric analysis miscanthus wood true true false [A. Garmut] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2024-08-21 13:23:56 2024-09-09 09:00:35 2024-11-22 03:10:23 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (X, 43 f.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 604.4:662.6:579(043.2) 215939843 VS_Garmut_Anteja_2024.pdf VS_Garmut_Anteja_2024.pdf 1 0FAE3C0F4DEEBF2666F4EE9E43AE4DF9 efa3404ba6a2a50b2449cd76d7025c4eb44a6b8622800bc7e07b5c84ef21c57b 9befcf0c-6c69-11ef-8fd5-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=184591 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0