20.500.12556/DKUM-90782 Načini omejevanja vstopa v mestna središča magistrsko delo Methods of restricting access to city centers Mesta in mestna središča se zaradi povečanega cestnega prometa, prometnih zastojev in onesnaženosti zraka odločajo za uvajanje različnih načinov omejevanja vstopa vozil v mestna središča, med katerimi se najpogosteje pojavljajo območja pristojbin za zastoje in nizko-emisijske cone. Za izbranih 10 mest smo izvedli analizo in primerjavo vpeljanih shem omejevanja dostopa, predvsem s tehničnega vidika in z vidika tehnološke podpore, vključili pa smo tudi ekonomski vidik. Ugotovili smo, da sheme v mestih uspešno zmanjšujejo promet in prometne zastoje ter izboljšujejo kakovost zraka, vendar pa se rezultati razlikujejo glede na mesto. Pristojbine za zastoje so se izkazale kot učinkovite pri zmanjšanju prometa in prometnih zastojev, medtem ko nizko-emisijske cone niso nujno dosegle enakega učinka. So pa po drugi strani zmanjšale število močno onesnažujočih vozil v mestih. Za izboljšanje rezultatov mestnih shem priporočamo kombinacijo obeh načinov omejevanja, pri čemer se prihodki pristojbin usmerijo v razvoj in izboljšave javnega prevoza ter naložbe v infrastrukturo, uvedejo pa se tudi strožje zahteve glede emisijskih standardov. Osrednji del shem mora biti spodbujanje alternativnih oblik prevoza, velik pomen pa je treba nameniti tudi naprednim tehnološkim sistemom, kot so kamere, sistem za samodejno prepoznavanje registrskih tablic (angl. Automatic Number Plate Recognition; v nadaljanjevanju: ANPR) in globalni satelitski navigacijski sistem (angl. Global Navigation Satellite System; v nadaljevanju: GNSS) za učinkovit nadzor vozil in zmanjšanje administrativnih stroškov. Cities and city centers are increasingly implementing various methods of restricting vehicle access to urban areas due to the growing road traffic, congestion, and air pollution. Among the most common measures are congestion charge zones and low-emission zones. We conducted an analysis and comparison of the access restriction schemes in ten selected cities, focusing primarily on the technical aspect and technological support, while also considering the economic impact. We found that these schemes have been successful in reducing traffic and congestion and improving air quality, although the results vary between cities. Congestion charges proved effective in reducing traffic and congestion, whereas low-emission zones did not necessarily achieve the same effect. However, they did significantly reduce the number of highly polluting vehicles in cities. To improve the results of urban schemes, we recommend combining both approaches, with the revenue from congestion charges directed toward the development and improvement of public transport and investments in infrastructure. Stricter emissions standards should also be introduced. The central focus of the schemes must be the promotion of alternative forms of transport, with a strong emphasis on advanced technological systems, such as cameras, ANPR (e.g., Automatic Number Plate Recognition), and GNSS (e. g.,Global Navigation Satellite System) for efficient vehicle monitoring and reduction of administrative costs. sheme omejevanja dostopa onesnaževanje omejitve cestni transport mestna središča urban access regulations pollution restrictions road transport city centers true true false S. Čepin Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2024-09-23 09:29:49 2024-11-27 15:10:53 2024-11-28 03:18:27 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 Celje 0 Celje XV, 95 str., 12 str. pril. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 656:787.6:33.025.12(043.2) 216725251 MAG_Cepin_Sara_2024.pdf MAG_Cepin_Sara_2024.pdf 1 251BF2EBDE03650A11C87B7FA5CE5260 84e2f108718e1816ce96379be036ca1cb617dfa6b13193342f0d365e7fc662cc 2004fcde-7981-11ef-8363-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=185701 Fakulteta za logistiko 0 0 0