20.500.12556/DKUM-90862 Prehranski ukrepi podhranjenega pacienta s cirozo jeter Nutritional measures of the malnourished patient with cirrhosis of the liver Uvod: Najpogostejši zaplet ciroze jeter, ki privede do izgube telesne mase in njenega slabšanja zaradi pomanjkanja hranil, metabolnih sprememb in težav pri absorpciji, je podhranjenost. Ta posledično vodi k povečani dovzetnosti za okužbe, dolgotrajnejši hospitalizaciji in upočasnjenemu zdravljenju. Prehranski ukrepi najpogosteje vključujejo individualne prehranske načrte, ki se osredotočajo predvsem na zadosten kaloričen in beljakovinski vnos. Metode: Izveden je bil sistematični pregled literature v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, PubMed in ScienceDirect. Analizirali smo prosto dostopne članke v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku med letoma 2014 in 2024. Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela, pri iskanju literature pa smo upoštevali PRISMA priporočila. Rezultati: S pomočjo identificiranih člankov (n = 19) smo ugotovili, da je pri podhranjenosti zelo pomemben energijski vnos. Priporočila se običajno gibljejo 25–35 kcal/kg telesne mase na dan, odvisno od same stopnje bolezni in aktivnosti pacienta. Poleg energijskega vnosa je pomemben tudi vnos beljakovin (1,2–1,5 g/kg), saj te skrbijo za obnovo mišične mase in zmanjšanje tveganja za razvoj podhranjenosti. Ustrezna kombinacija energije in vseh makro ter mikroelementov lahko izboljša splošno zdravstveno stanje in zmanjša zaplete bolezni. Razprava in zaključek: Pri podhranjenem pacientu s cirozo jeter lahko s pomočjo ustreznih prehranskih ukrepov pomembno prispevamo k njegovemu izboljšanju zdravstvenega stanja. Introduction: The most common complication of cirrhosis of the liver, which leads to weight loss and its deterioration due to lack of nutrients, metabolic changes and absorption problems, is malnutrition. This, in turn, leads to increased susceptibility to infection, longer hospitalization and delayed healing. Nutritional measures most often include individual nutritional plans, which focus mainly on sufficient caloric and protein intake. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in the CINAHL, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. We analyzed freely available articles in English and Slovenian between the years 2014 and 2024. A descriptive method of work was used, and the PRISMA recommendations were taken into account when searching for literature. Results: With the help of the identified articles (n = 19), we found that energy intake is very important in malnutrition. Recommendations usually vary between 25 - 35 kcal/kg of body weight per day, depending on the stage of the disease and the activity of the patient. In addition to energy intake, proteins (1.2 - 1.5 g/kg) are also important, as they take care of restoring muscle mass and reducing the risk of developing malnutrition. The appropriate combination of energy and all macro- and microelements can improve the general state of health and reduce the complications of the disease. Discussion and conclusion: In a malnourished patient with cirrhosis of the liver, with the help of appropriate nutritional measures, we can significantly contribute to the improvement of his health condition. Podhranjenost ciroza jeter prehrana Malnutrition liver cirrhosis nutrition true true false [Š. Javšnik] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2024-09-30 20:41:00 2025-01-17 15:46:29 2025-01-29 15:46:20 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616.36-004-056.24+613.24(043.2) 221122563 MAG_Javsnik_Spela_2024.pdf MAG_Javsnik_Spela_2024.pdf 1 8E56CCC01E567C0EE94E63384C70B4F8 1b946ddd3a511fcc2906e44e3cff8db26b8d0d1574c0635148e6073c8dcdf45a 934ba958-7f5c-11ef-8e23-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=186068 Fakulteta za zdravstvene vede 0 0 0