20.500.12556/DKUM-91153 Eksperimentalno preverjanje preferenčnih mirovališč in interakcija dveh morfotipov samcev navadnega matije, Phalangium opilio Linnaeus, 1758 (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) Magistrsko delo Experimental testing of preferred resting sites and interaction of two male morphotypes of common harvestman, Phalangium opilio Linnaeus, 1758 (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) Navadni matija (Phalangium opilio) je splošno razširjena vrsta suhih južin, za katero je značilen trimorfizem, V tej raziskavi smo proučevali preferenčna mirovališča morfotipov samcev na rastlinah in različnih tipih podlag na poskusnih stolpih v povezavi z okoljskimi dejavniki. Prav tako smo opazovali interakcije, beležili vedenjske vzorce ter ugotavljali morebitne razlike v vedenju med morfotipoma. Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali je segregacija prostorskih niš dolgorogih in kratkorogih samcev v naravi posledica kompeticije ali različnih ekoloških preferenc morfotipov. Za izvedbo poskusov smo na prostem postavili dve eksperimentalni areni. V vsako smo za poskuse preverjanja preferenčnih mirovališč na rastlinah zasadili sadike melonaste hruške (Solanum muricatum). Za preverjanje preference do različnih tipov podlag pa smo v areni postavili poskusna stolpa, ki sta imela na vsaki stranici nameščene štiri vrste podlag. Snemanje interakcij med osebki smo izvajali v terariju v laboratoriju. Ugotovili smo, da se dolgorogi in kratkorogi samci razlikujejo v izbiri mirovališč na rastlinah. Kadar sta bila v areni oba morfotipa hkrati, so kratkorogi samci izbirali mirovališča višje na rastlinah. To je posledica intraseksualne kompeticije, saj smo ugotovili, da morfotipa nimata različnih mikroklimatskih preferenc. Oba morfotipa sta največkrat mirovala na betonu in lesu na severni strani poskusnih stolpov. Morfotipa sta se na poskusnih stolpih razlikovala v prostorski in mikroklimatski niši. Kratkorogi samci so ob odsotnosti dolgorogih mirovali nižje, na določenih podlagah in straneh poskusnih stolpov pa so izbirali tudi toplejša in vlažnejša mirovališča kot slednji. Največ spopadov glede na število interakcij je bilo med pari dolgorogih samcev. Morfotipa samcev se v vedenjskih vzorcih med spopadi sicer nista razlikovala, so pa dolgorogi samci pogosteje izkazovali agresivno vedenje. Na osnovi poskusov in opazovanja vedenja lahko zaključimo, da je segregacija prostorskih niš dolgorogih in kratkorogih samcev v naravi posledica kompeticije, ne pa različnih ekoloških preferenc morfotipov. The common harvestman (Phalangium opilio) is a widespread species of harvestmen that is characterized by trimorphism. In this study, we investigated the preferential resting sites of male morphotypes on plants and different substrates on experimental towers in relation to environmental factors. We also observed interactions, documented behavioural patterns, and identified plausible behavioural differences between the two morphotypes. The study aimed to assess whether the intrasexual male spatial niche segregation in nature results from competition or from differing ecological preferences between the morphotypes. To this end, we set up two experimental outdoor arenas to carry out the experiments. To test the preferential resting sites on plants, Solanum muricatum seedlings were planted in our experimental arenas. To test preference for different substrates, we set up an experimental tower in each arena, with four substrate types on each side. Interactions between pairs of individuals were observed and recorded in a laboratory terrarium. We found that long-horned and short-horned males differ in their choice of resting sites on plants. Short-horned males rested higher on the plants when both morphotypes were present in the arena. This is due to intrasexual competition, as our findings indicate that the two morphotypes do not differ in their microclimatic preferences. Both morphotypes most frequently rested on concrete and wood on the north side of the experimental towers. The two morphotypes exhibited differences in their spatial and microclimatic niches on the experimental towers. In the absence of long-horned males, short-horned males rested on specific substrates and sides of the experimental towers at lower sites and selected warmer and more humid resting sites than long-horned males. The highest number of fights per number of interactions was observed between pairs of long-horned males. Although the morphotypes did not differ in behavioural patterns during fights, long-horned males exhibited aggressive behaviour most frequently. Based on our experiments and behavioural observations, we can conclude that spatial niche segregation between males in the natural habitat is due to competition, rather than to different ecological preferences between morphotypes. dimorfizem samcev intraseksualna kompeticija okoljski dejavniki pajkovci prostorska niša arachnids environmental factors intrasexual competition male dimorphism spatial niche true true false [T. Marshall] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Slovenija; Magistrsko delo/naloga 2024-11-21 14:19:01 2024-12-17 08:56:30 2024-12-18 03:10:39 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 Maribor 0 Maribor VIII, 61 f. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 595.4:591.151(043.2) 219197955 MAG_Marshall_Tina_2024.pdf MAG_Marshall_Tina_2024.pdf 1 99D0B41467C31862B40298B6A0C921E0 a5378a80205edf1b83332919a995ee9512cad173a8b818d61d4c7ed5ea97d0bb ce2c6156-a80c-11ef-9ebb-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=186880 Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko 0 0 0