20.500.12556/DKUM-91170 Identification and content of astaxanthin and its esters from microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS after extraction with various solvents Haematococcus pluvialis, a unicellular green microalga that produces a secondary metabolite under stress conditions, bears one of the most potent antioxidants, namely xanthophyll astaxanthin. The aim of our study was to determine the content of astaxanthin and its esterified forms using three different solvents—methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), hexane isopropanol (HEX -IPA) and acetone (ACE)—and to identify them by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and the quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS) technique. We identified eleven astaxanthin monoesters, which accounted for 78.8% of the total astaxanthin pool, six astaxanthin diesters (20.5% of total), while free astaxanthin represented the smallest fraction (0.7%). Astaxanthin monoesters (C16:2, C16:1, C16:0), which were the major bioactive compounds in the H. pluvialis samples studied, ranged from 10.2 to 11.8 mg g−1 DW. Astaxanthin diesters (C18:4/C18:3, C18:1/C18:3) were detected in the range between 2.3 and 2.6 mg g−1 DW. All three solvents were found to be effective for extraction, but MTBE and hexane-isopropanol extracted the greatest amount of free bioactive astaxanthin. Furthermore, MTBE extracted more low-chain astaxanthin monoesters (C16), and hexane-isopropanol extracted more long-chain monoesters (C18 and above) and more diesters. We can conclude that MTBE is the solvent of choice for the extraction of monoesters and hexane-isopropanol for diesters. astaxanthin diesters astaxanthin monoesters carotenoids Hematococcus pluvialis astaxanthin diesters solvent extraction diestri astaksantina monoestri astaksantina karotenoidi Haematococcus pluvialis ekstrakcija s topilom true false true MDPI Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Znanstveno delo 2024-11-22 14:43:42 2024-11-22 15:14:07 2024-11-23 03:21:53 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2021 0 0 Str. 1-14 št. 11, št. članka 2413 Letn. 10 2021 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2021-10-27 2021-11-07 2021-11-09 66.098:582.3 84256003 10.3390/plants10112413 2223-7747 Todorovic_2021_Identification_and_Content_of_Astaxanthin.pdf Todorovic_2021_Identification_and_Content_of_Astaxanthin.pdf 1 553B34A6A6F9DC5A2A9263AC5186C0EF 3095df58707d7641cdc969f3dac1a5f0bee0e778b3d12ec9eaab8df0336f9377 e3f9dbb9-a8db-11ef-be92-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=186915 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112413 0 ee9acfc0-a8db-11ef-be92-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=186916 Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko Pedagoška fakulteta 0 0 0