20.500.12556/DKUM-91307 NAČELO PRAVNE DRŽAVE IN EPIDEMIJA COVID-19 - TEORETIČNI IN PRAKTIČNI VIDIKI MAGISTRSKO DELO The rule of law and epidemic Covid-19 - theoretical and practical views Načelo pravne države je temeljno ustavno načelo, brez katerega bi v državi vladalo nepredvidljivo in nestabilno stanje, ki bi rezultiralo v samovoljno delovanje državnih organov. To načelo vzpostavlja normalno delovanje državnega ustroja in s pomočjo svojih podnačel zagotavlja, da imamo vzpostavljeno vladavino prava v državi, hkrati pa z omejevanjem samovoljnega delovanja državne oblasti, varuje človekove pravice in svoboščine. Pravna država deluje kot stabilna struktura, dokler ne napočijo izredne situacije, kot smo jim bili priča tudi v obdobju epidemije Covida-19. To je bilo obdobje, ko je bila na določenih točkah pravna država pod velikim vprašajem, saj je predvsem v izvršilni veji oblasti prihajalo do nepravilnosti. Vse se je začelo marca 2020, ko je v Slovenijo prodrl Covid-19 in je odstopila tudi dotedanja vlada. Vsekakor je šlo za obdobje, na katerega državni ustroj ni bil pripravljen, vendar je težava tičala tudi v pomanjkanju kvalitetne zakonodaje, ki bi racionalno urejala to stanje. Nepravilnosti so se začele pojavljati že takoj, ko je vlada »vladala« z odloki, s katerimi je posegla predvsem v človekovo pravico svobodnega gibanja – k temu je predvsem botrovala tudi policijska ura. . Ustavno sodišče je najprej presojalo samo vsebino odlokov in kar nekaj časa potrebovalo, da je dejansko ugotovilo, da le-ti sploh nimajo formalne podlage, tako da njihova vsebina sploh ne bi smela biti predmet odločanja. Na Ustavno sodišče so predvsem prihajale zahteve za oceno ustavnosti v povezavi s pravico do svobodnega gibanja (32. člen Ustave Republike Slovenije) in osebne svobode (19. člen Ustave Republike Slovenije), pri katerih je le-to ugotovilo, da je zagotovo prišlo do posega. Kar pomeni, da je v tistem času z »neustavnimi« odloki prišlo do poseganja v pravno državo, saj je zakonodajno funkcijo tako rekoč, v rokah držala izvršilna oblast, kar pa v našem sistemu ne velja za normalno situacijo. Veliko prahu je dvigovalo tudi nesprejeto izredno stanje, ki bi pravila igre močno spremenilo ampak je svojo funkcijo najverjetneje odigrala slaba definicija in pravna praznina, ki je prisotna pri tem institutu. V našem pravnem sistemu je namreč le-ta slabo zasnovan in lahko tudi v prihodnje povzroča preglavice v kolikor se ne uredi oz. zastavi funkcionalno. Razvidno je bilo tudi, da je cepljenje proti Covidu-19 dejansko mejilo že na obvezno cepljenje, saj je življenje tistih, ki cepiva niso prejeli oz. virusa niso preboleli, bilo ovirano. The principle of the rule of law is a fundamental constitutional principle, without which there would be unpredictable and unstable conditions in the state, resulting in arbitrary actions by state authorities. This principle establishes the normal functioning of the state structure and, through its sub-principles, ensures that the rule of law is established in the country while also protecting human rights and freedoms by limiting the arbitrary actions of state power. The rule of law operates as a stable structure unless extraordinary situations arise, as we witnessed during the Covid-19 epidemic. This was a period when the rule of law was called into question at certain points, especially in the executive branch, where irregularities occurred. It all began in March 2020 when Covid-19 struck Slovenia, leading to the resignation of the then-current government. It was certainly a period for which the state structure was not prepared, but the problem also lay in the lack of quality legislation that would rationally manage this situation. Irregularities began to appear immediately when the government "ruled" through decrees, which primarily interfered with the human right to free movement— this was particularly influenced by the curfew. The Constitutional Court initially assessed only the content of the decrees and took some time to determine that they had no formal basis, which meant that their content should not have been the subject of decision-making. The Constitutional Court received demands for assessments of constitutionality related to the right to free movement (Article 32 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia) and personal freedom (Article 19 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia), where it established that there was indeed an interference. This means that during that time, the "unconstitutional" decrees interfered with the rule of law, as the legislative function was effectively held in the hands of the executive authority, which is not a normal situation in our system. The failure to declare a state of emergency also raised a lot of concerns, which would have significantly changed the rules of the game; however, it likely played its role due to poor definition and legal gaps present within this institution. In our legal system, it is poorly designed and could also cause headaches in the future if it is not adequately regulated or functionally established. It was also evident that vaccination against Covid-19 was effectively bordering on mandatory vaccination, as the lives of those who did not receive the vaccine or had not recovered from the virus were hindered. pravna država svoboda gibanja izredno stanje odlok cepljenje policijska ura Ustava človekove pravice neustavnost osebna svoboda Ustavno sodišče izvršilna oblast rRule of law freedom of movement state of emergency decree vaccination curfew Constitution human rights unconstitutionality personal freedom Constitutional Court executive authority true true false K. Györke Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2024-12-11 08:48:09 2025-02-10 12:54:00 2025-02-11 03:13:48 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF ([55] str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 342.7:61(043.3) 225636611 MAG_Kaja_Gyorke_0.pdf MAG_Kaja_Gyorke_0.pdf 1 CF0C33E24BC04059C9EA257CF4EE7266 6fb4c5809251714e862190e89ddc8c5850c82a73637fef726b4926edb9395991 71c75a5d-b794-11ef-9f55-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=187260 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0