20.500.12556/DKUM-91796 Decoding anxiety a scoping review of observable cues Background: While anxiety disorders are one of the most prevalent mental diseases, they are often overlooked due to shortcomings of the existing diagnostic procedures, which predominantly rely on self-reporting. Due to recent technological advances, this source of information could be complemented by the so-called observable cues – indicators that are displayed spontaneously through individuals’ physiological responses or behaviour and can be detected by modern devices. However, while there are several individual studies on such cues, this research area lacks a synthesis. In line with this, our scoping review aimed to identify observable cues that offer meaningful insight into individuals’ anxiety and to determine how these cues can be measured. Methods: We followed the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. The search string containing terms related to anxiety and observable cues was entered into four databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, ERIC, IEEE). While the search – limited to English peer-reviewed records published from 2012 onwards – initially yielded 2311 records, only 33 articles fit our selection criteria and were included in the final synthesis. Results: The scoping review unravelled various categories of observable cues of anxiety, specifically those related to facial expressions, speech and language, breathing, skin, heart, cognitive control, sleep, activity and motion, location data and smartphone use. Moreover, we identified various approaches for measuring these cues, including wearable devices, and analysing smartphone usage and social media activity. Conclusions: Our scoping review points to several physiological and behavioural cues associated with anxiety and highlights how these can be measured. These novel insights may be helpful for healthcare practitioners and fuel future research and technology development. However, as many cues were investigated only in a single study, more evidence is needed to generalise these findings and implement them into practice with greater confidence. anxiety observable cues digital biomarkers scoping review physiological cues behavioural cues namigi digitalni biomarkerji fiziološki namigi vedenjski namigi true false true Sage Publications Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik https://journals.sagepub.com/ © The Author(s) 2024 Članek v reviji 2025-02-07 10:33:57 2025-02-07 10:33:57 2026-01-15 11:56:31 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 19 str. Vol. 10 2024 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2024-07-03 2024-10-17 2024-11-26 616.89 217815299 10.1177/20552076241297006 2055-2076 smrke-et-al-2024-decoding-anxiety-a-scoping-review-of-observable-cues.pdf smrke-et-al-2024-decoding-anxiety-a-scoping-review-of-observable-cues.pdf 1 41AAC3E844C5DF2DC4C0B2BEC61EC120 3375070605095831b519e39e765669126cae0d3a76ef0a1abf46cc7758fa12b1 e34299a9-e537-11ef-a41d-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=188497 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20552076241297006 0 d92116ff-f200-11f0-9ca2-00155d580e02 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=202048 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko, računalništvo in informatiko Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0