20.500.12556/DKUM-92045 Omejitve lastninske pravice po volji lastnika magistrsko delo Restrictions on the ownership right imposed at the will of the owner Lastninska pravica predstavlja eno izmed najbolj temeljnih človekovih pravic, ki je kot taka tudi varovana s številnimi mednarodnopravnimi akti in nacionalnimi ustavami. Lastninska pravica je stvarna pravica, ki daje njenemu imetniku najširši spekter upravičenj. Njena narava praviloma ne dopušča, da bi jo omejevali oziroma utesnjevali za vsak namen, saj bi tako od nje hitro ostalo zelo malo. SPZ v 38. členu posebej ureja dve omejitvi lastninske pravice, ki lahko nastaneta po volji lastnika, in sicer prepoved odsvojitve in obremenitve (tudi prepoved razpolaganja) ter odkupno pravico. Gre za obligacijski pravici, ki lahko z vpisom v zemljiško knjigo pridobita omejene absolutne učinke. Prepoved odtujitve in obremenitve je izvedena obligacijska pravica, ki zavezancu prepoveduje vsa razpolaganja z lastninsko pravico.1 V skladu s 38. členom SPZ se lahko prepoved odtujitve in obremenitve ustanovi s pravnim poslom ali oporoko. Taka prepoved pa zavezuje le prvega lastnika, ne pa tudi njegovih pravnih naslednikov. Če je dogovorjena med zakoncema ali zunajzakonskima partnerjema, med starši in otroki ter posvojenci in posvojitelji, se lahko vpiše v zemljiško knjigo, in s tem pridobi absolutne učinke, kar pomeni, da učinkuje tudi v razmerju do tretjih. Posebno obliko prepovedi odtujitve in obremenitve ureja tudi Obligacijski zakonik v sklopu pogodbe o dosmrtnem preživljanju. Odkupna pravica pa je pravica, ki daje imetniku pravno možnost, da z enostransko izjavo volje odkupi stvar od zavezanca. Gre za oblikovalno pravico, kar pomeni, da z enostransko izjavo volje odkupni upravičenec povzroči nastanek pravnega razmerja, ki je pravna podlaga za prenos lastninske pravice na upravičenca. Odkupna pravica je neprenosljiva, lahko pa se časovno omeji. Ker je neprenosljiva, preneha s smrtjo oziroma prenehanjem druge pogodbene stranke. Ena izmed omejitev lastninske pravice, ki nastane po volji lastnika je tudi pogodbena predkupna pravica, ki je pri nas urejena v OZ. Predkupna pravica je obligacijska pravica, s katero se lastnik zavezuje, da bo predkupnega upravičenca obvestil o nameravani prodaji stvari ter o pogoji te prodaje ter mu ponudil, naj jo kupi pod enakimi pogoji. Predkupna pravica je strogo osebna in je ni mogoče ne odtujiti in ne podedovati. V skladu s 13. členom Zakona o zemljiški knjigi se lahko tudi predkupna pravica, ki je nastala s pravnim poslom, vpiše v zemljiško knjigo in tako pridobi absolutne učinke. The right of ownership is one of the most fundamental human rights, protected by numerous international legal instruments and national constitutions. Ownership is a property right that grants its holder the broadest range of entitlements. Its nature generally does not allow for unrestricted limitations or restrictions for any purpose, as this would quickly diminish its essence. The Law of Property Code specifically regulates two limitations of property rights in Article 38, which can arise at the owner's discretion, namely the prohibition of disposal and encumbrance (the prohibition of disposition) and the right of redemption. These are contractual rights that, through registration in the land registry, can acquire limited absolute effects. The prohibition of the disposal of ownership or encumbrance is a derivative contractual right that prohibits the obligated party from any disposition of ownership rights. According to Article 38 of the Law of Property Code, such a prohibition can be established through a legal transaction or a will. However, this prohibition binds only the initial owner and not their legal successors. If agreed upon between spouses or extra-marital partners, between parents and children, or between adoptees and adoptive parents, it can be entered in the land registry, thereby acquiring absolute effects, which means that it also has effect in relation to third parties. A special form of the prohibition of alienation and encumbrance is also regulated by the Code of Obligations within the framework of a lifetime support contract. The right of repurchase is a right that grants its holder the legal ability to purchase an item from the obligated party through a unilateral declaration of intent. It is a formative right, meaning that with a unilateral declaration of intent, the beneficiary of the repurchase right creates a legal relationship that serves as the legal basis for the transfer of ownership to the beneficiary. The repurchase right is non-transferable, though it can be time-limited. Due to its non-transferable nature, it ceases upon the death or dissolution of the other contractual party. One of the limitations of ownership that arises by the owner's will is the contractual right of pre-emption, which is regulated by the Obligations Act in our legal system. The right of pre-emption is an obligatory right by which the owner commits to informing the beneficiary of the intended sale of the item, including the conditions of the sale, and offering them the opportunity to purchase it under the same terms. The right of first refusal is strictly personal and cannot be transferred or inherited. In accordance with Article 13 of the Land Register Act, a right of first refusal established by a legal transaction can also be entered in the land register, thereby acquiring absolute effects. lastninska pravica omejitve lastninske pravice razpolagalno upravičenje odkupna pravica prepoved odtujitve in obremenitve pogodbena predkupna pravica ownership right restrictions on the ownership right right of disposal right of purchase prohibition of the disposal of ownership or encumbrance contractual right of pre emption true true false M. Prša Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2025-03-13 09:46:05 2025-05-19 13:45:42 2025-05-20 03:15:20 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VI, 51 str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 347.2(043.3) 236369411 MAG_Prsa_Mateja_2025.pdf MAG_Prsa_Mateja_2025.pdf 1 617137A2B4CC41A60CCDE2055ED82457 9d1193c6452b73fa4c69937fdea858ccade1ac6fb5f3f3b24a934735ff88b4e0 a33231fc-0597-11f0-9be3-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=189533 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0