20.500.12556/DKUM-92311 Influence of highly inflected word forms and acoustic background on the robustness of automatic speech recognition for human–computer interaction Automatic speech recognition is essential for establishing natural communication with a human–computer interface. Speech recognition accuracy strongly depends on the complexity of language. Highly inflected word forms are a type of unit present in some languages. The acoustic background presents an additional important degradation factor influencing speech recognition accuracy. While the acoustic background has been studied extensively, the highly inflected word forms and their combined influence still present a major research challenge. Thus, a novel type of analysis is proposed, where a dedicated speech database comprised solely of highly inflected word forms is constructed and used for tests. Dedicated test sets with various acoustic backgrounds were generated and evaluated with the Slovenian UMB BN speech recognition system. The baseline word accuracy of 93.88% and 98.53% was reduced to as low as 23.58% and 15.14% for the various acoustic backgrounds. The analysis shows that the word accuracy degradation depends on and changes with the acoustic background type and level. The highly inflected word forms’ test sets without background decreased word accuracy from 93.3% to only 63.3% in the worst case. The impact of highly inflected word forms on speech recognition accuracy was reduced with the increased levels of acoustic background and was, in these cases, similar to the non-highly inflected test sets. The results indicate that alternative methods in constructing speech databases, particularly for low-resourced Slovenian language, could be beneficial. human–computer interaction automatic speech recognition acoustic modeling highly inflected word forms acoustic background interakcija človek - stroj avtomatsko razpoznavanje govora akustično ozadje true false true MDPI AG Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik https://www.mdpi.com/journal/mathematics © 2022 by the author Članek v reviji 2025-03-28 12:18:03 2025-03-28 12:18:03 2025-03-29 03:12:48 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 0 16 str. no. 5 Vol. 10 2022 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2021-12-30 2022-02-22 2022-02-24 621.39 98760451 10.3390/math10050711 2227-7390 mathematics-10-00711.pdf mathematics-10-00711.pdf 1 822271573C9F339CAF19ED6CD073B307 93d3de5aea2fbf17b3046e49946f6dc00d2861ec1e1a4cc8b2b466295add204a 7a88abcb-0bc6-11f0-af5a-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=189782 https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/5/711 1 5141c760-0bc6-11f0-af5a-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=189781 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko, računalništvo in informatiko 0 0 0