20.500.12556/DKUM-92442 Post-fault energy usage optimization for multilevel inverter with integrated battery This paper presents a novel sorting algorithm for modular multilevel inverters (MMCs) with integrated batteries, designed to ensure the uninterrupted operation of electric vehicles (EVs) under post-fault conditions. The proposed system structure consists of an MMC with four full-bridge modules per phase, where one module acts as a spinning reserve during normal operation. The algorithm addresses a single switch fault per phase by operating the faulted module in half-bridge mode, ensuring all batteries remain operational and maintaining full power output and battery capacity without any noticeable changes for the vehicle operator. Unlike conventional fault-tolerant strategies that often reduce power output or disable affected modules, the proposed algorithm isolates the faulty switch while preserving system output. This approach avoids derating and eliminates the need for immediate maintenance, enabling the EV to continue operating under fault conditions. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the algorithm under a single switch fault scenario, demonstrating its ability to maintain autonomy and consistent power delivery. This work demonstrates a fault-tolerant MMC principle, offering a robust and scalable solution for enhancing reliability and user satisfaction in EV power systems. modular multilevel converter fault tolerance redundancy uninterrupted operation sorting algorithm modularni večnivojski pretvorniki napačna toleranca odvečnost algoritmi true false true MDPI Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries © 2025 by the authors Članek v reviji 2025-04-09 07:48:33 2025-04-09 07:48:33 2026-01-26 13:27:44 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 19 str. iss. 4, [article no.] 125 Vol. 11 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2025-01-20 2025-03-24 2025-03-26 621.3 231897603 10.3390/batteries11040125 2313-0105 batteries-11-00125.pdf batteries-11-00125.pdf 1 8B4D22F8A674B0A69E18E7435566B6C4 a8495623ad080cc04db7a3269b4b967224f7802ebf90fa33405d35be13d7b417 81c45772-1506-11f0-b793-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=190122 https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/4/125 0 699cb027-fab2-11f0-9b4e-00155d00018d https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=202558 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko, računalništvo in informatiko 0 0 0