20.500.12556/DKUM-92597 A review on building blocks of decentralized artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the key technologies transforming our lives, while the transfer of knowledge and competencies from the academic sphere to the industry and real-world use cases are accelerating yearly. However, during that transition, several significant problems and questions need to be addressed for the field to develop ethically, such as digital privacy, ownership, and control. These are some of the reasons why the currently most popular approaches of artificial intelligence, i.e., centralized artificial intelligence (CEAI), are questionable, with other directions also being explored widely, such as decentralized artificial intelligence (DEAI), which aim to solve some of the most far-reaching problems. This paper aims to review and organize the knowledge in the field of DEAI, focusing solely on studies that fall within this category. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using six scientific databases and additional gray literature to analyze and present the findings of 71 identified studies. The paper’s primary focus is identifying the building blocks of DEAI solutions and networks, tackling the DEAI analysis from a bottom-up approach. Future research directions and open problems are presented and proposed at the end. artificial intelligence blockchain cryptography decentralization AI DEAI decentralized artificial intelligence umetna inteligenca verige blokov kriptografija decentralizacija true false true Elsevier Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/ict-express © 2025 The Authors Članek v reviji 2025-04-23 15:25:50 2025-04-23 15:25:51 2026-01-26 14:50:01 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 21 str. Available online 15 April 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2024-11-28 2025-04-01 2025-04-15 004.8 233488131 10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.001 2405-9595 1-s2.0-S2405959525000463-main.pdf 1-s2.0-S2405959525000463-main.pdf 1 5745954D05A772C068D2DB098D66FE37 29d75a128f02b95d022b6e617fe082a35e384800b1ef071dba857735bfeed038 b1b9f43c-2046-11f0-adc7-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=190486 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959525000463?via%3Dihub 0 e8ad9d9b-fabd-11f0-9b4e-00155d00018d https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=202571 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko, računalništvo in informatiko 0 0 0