20.500.12556/DKUM-92838 Nevtralnost v mednarodnem pravu: nevtralnost v Evropi v 21. stoletju nevtralnost v Evropi v 21. stoletju Neutrality in international law: neutrality in Europe in the 21st century magistrska naloga Magistrska naloga analizira koncept nevtralnosti v mednarodnem pravu, njen zgodovinski razvoj ter položaj v sodobnih evropskih okoliščinah. Raziskuje pravne definicije nevtralnosti, pravice in dolžnosti nevtralnih držav ter razlike med tradicionalno nevtralnostjo in sodobnimi oblikami nesodelovanja. V nalogi sem nevtralnost opredelil kot pravni položaj države, ki se ne udeležuje vojne in ostaja nepristranska, ter kot trajno politiko izogibanja vojaškim zavezništvom ali konfliktom. Pri tem sem ločil med aktivno nevtralnostjo, kjer država dejavno sodeluje v mednarodnih odnosih, in pasivno nevtralnostjo, ki zasleduje predvsem lastne interese. Zgodovinski pregled zajema razvoj pravil o nevtralnosti od 17. stoletja, vključno s Haaškimi konvencijami iz leta 1907, ki urejajo pravice in dolžnosti nevtralnih držav na kopnem in morju. V nalogi sem predstavil zgodovinske primere nevtralnosti, kot sta Švedska in Švica med drugo svetovno vojno, ter sodobne konflikte, kjer se države pogosto znajdejo v sivem območju med nevtralnostjo in aktivnim sodelovanjem. V nalogi sem podrobneje analiziral razkorak med tradicionalno nevtralnostjo in sodobnimi obveznostmi kolektivne varnosti, kot jih določa Ustanovna listina Združenih narodov, ki državam nalaga sodelovanje v ukrepih proti agresorjem. Obravnavana je tudi kompleksna vloga nevtralnosti v okviru članstva v Evropski uniji, kjer so določene države, kot sta Švedska in Finska, nedavno opustile nevtralnost zaradi groženj, ki jih predstavlja ruska invazija na Ukrajino. Naloga preučuje prednosti in slabosti nevtralnosti, ki med drugim vključujejo večjo suverenost in možnosti za mediacijo, po drugi strani pa opozarja na izoliranost in visoke stroške vzdrževanja oborožene nevtralnosti. Iz uporabe zgodovinske, dogmatične in primerjalnopravne metode raziskovanja naloga izhaja, da so pravice in dolžnosti nevtralnih držav v sodobnem mednarodnem pravu sicer jasno definirane, vendar so zaradi sprememb v načinih vojskovanja pogosto težje izvedljive v praksi. Naloga odpira vprašanja o smiselnosti nevtralnosti v sodobnem globalnem kontekstu in izpostavlja potrebo po prilagoditvi mednarodnega prava sodobnim realnostim. The master's thesis analyses the concept of neutrality in international law, its historical development, and its position in contemporary European context. It explores the legal definitions of neutrality, the rights and duties of neutral states, and the distinctions between traditional neutrality and modern forms of non-alignment. In the thesis, I defined neutrality as the legal status of a state that refrains from participating in war and remains impartial, as well as a lasting policy of avoiding military alliances or conflicts. In doing so, I distinguished between active neutrality, where a state actively engages in international relations, and passive neutrality, which primarily pursues its own interests. The historical review includes the development of laws regulating neutrality since the 17th century, including the Hague Conventions of 1907, which regulate the rights and duties of neutral states on land and sea. The thesis presents historical examples of neutrality, such as Sweden and Switzerland during World War II, as well as contemporary conflicts where states often find themselves in a gray area between neutrality and active involvement. The thesis provides an in-depth analysis of the gap between traditional neutrality and modern obligations of collective security as stipulated by the United Nations Charter, which requires states to participate in measures against aggressors. It also addresses the complex role of neutrality within the framework of European Union membership, where some states, such as Sweden and Finland, have recently abandoned neutrality in response to threats posed by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The thesis examines the advantages and disadvantages of neutrality, including greater sovereignty and opportunities for mediation, while also highlighting the isolation and high costs associated with maintaining armed neutrality. Through the use of historical, dogmatic, and comparative legal methods of research, the thesis concludes that although the rights and duties of neutral states in modern international law are clearly defined, they are often more challenging to implement in practice due to changes in the nature of warfare. The thesis raises questions about the relevance of neutrality in the modern global context and emphasizes the need to adapt international law to contemporary realities. Nevtralnost nevtralnostno pravo pravo oboroženih spopadov pravila vojskovanja suverenost oborožena nevtralnost mednarodni odnosi Evropska Unija NATO (Severnoatlantska pogodbena organizacija) vojaška zavezništva rusko-ukrajinska vojna Neutrality law of neutrality law of armed conflicts rules on waging war sovereignty armed neutrality international relations European Union NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) military alliances Russo-Ukrainian war true true false T. Herzog Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2025-05-17 10:18:15 2025-09-03 14:26:26 2025-09-04 03:32:39 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (78 str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 341(043.3) 247564803 MAG_Herzog_Tomaz_2025.pdf MAG_Herzog_Tomaz_2025.pdf 1 BE292CFFAB93B9F1AA7ED4EDB84188D2 1a444d05f9db556a6632d31a0a79131f18034663349388b11fb3025cc98dcb8a b4e8ffd1-3efa-11f0-845b-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=191576 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0