20.500.12556/DKUM-92919 Določitev pogodbene cene in njene spremembe pri gradbeni pogodbi magistrsko delo Contract price and its adjustments in a construction contract Naloga temelji na vprašanjih pogodbene cene in njenih naknadnih sprememb, do katerih prihaja tekom trajanja gradbenih projektov. Gre za problematiko, ki je pri gradbeni pogodbi vselej aktualna, še posebej očitna pa je v zadnjih letih (kar je posledica izbruha Covida – 19 in začetka vojne med Rusijo in Ukrajino), ko so bile spremembe še posebej poudarjene. Pri obravnavi navedenega se srečujemo z več pravnimi viri, ki imajo tako kogentno kot avtonomno naravo. Za nalogo je najpomembnejša Rdeča knjiga FIDIC, ki spada med avtonomne vire. Gre za vir, ki ga pripravlja Mednarodno združenje svetovalnih inženirjev (FIDIC) in uživa veliko mednarodno veljavo med izvajalci, naročniki in inženirji. Do zdaj sta bili izdani dve različici Rdeče knjige, naloga pa se koncentrira na novejšo, ki je bila izdana leta 2017. Zaradi avtonomne narave vira je njegova uporaba odvisna od volje strank, kljub temu pa morajo biti določbe skladne z nacionalnimi normami, ki so kogentne. Slednje je razlog, da je pomemben del naloge tudi nacionalna zakonodaja, v sklopu katere je najpomembnejši Obligacijski zakonik, ki veliko veljavo daje tudi Posebnim gradbenim uzancam. V nalogi je poudarjeno, da se omenjene ureditve med seboj razlikujejo, kar je glede na mednarodno naravo Rdeče knjige povsem razumljivo, vendarle pa lahko takšno stanje na nacionalnem nivoju povzroča težave oziroma zmedo. Dober primer takšne situacije je imenovanje tako imenovanega “nadzornika”, kar je izrecna zahteva slovenske gradbene zakonodaje, obravnavan vir tega pojma ne pozna, predvideva pa pomembno vlogo “inženirja”. Težava nastane, ker se njune naloge pogosto prepletajo, kar nakazuje tudi dejstvo, da ena oseba pogosto opravlja obe funkciji. Opravka imamo torej z dvema povsem ločenima samostojnima sistemoma normiranja, prekrivajoči si področji, ki pa hierarhično nista enakovredna. Problematika je poudarjena tudi pri obravnavi ene od pomembnejših določb, ki se jo tekom naloge problematizira, gre za 656. člen OZ. Ta ureja situacijo, ko stranki v pogodbo vključita določilo o nespremenljivosti cene. Situacija je v povezavi z Rdečo knjigo zanimiva, ker slednja takšnega določila ne pozna. To pa vpliva na določbe o spremembi cene, ki jih stranke v obliki splošnih pogodbenih pogojev, v pogodbo vključijo Če k omenjenim vprašanjem dodamo še področje načina, ki se uporablja za izračun spremembe, ki ga zakon ne ureja ampak ga prepušča poslovni praksi, lahko vidimo zanimiv preplet pravnih virov, ki v praksi urejajo predvsem večje gradbene projekte. The paper is based on the issue of contract price and its subsequent changes that occur during construction. The problems arisen are a constant when dealing with construction law but are even more acute in times of crises. This was evident with occurrence of Covid – 19 and Russo – Ukrainian war, both undoubtedly had a major impact on civil engineering. In addressing issues at hand, we encounter multiple legal sources both cogent and autonomous. Nevertheless, the paper mainly focuses on the FIDIC Red Book which falls under the scope of the latter. It is published by The International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) and is widely recognized by contractors, employers and engineers, all over the world. So far, two versions of the FIDIC Red Book have been issued, however the focus will be on the newer edition published in 2017. Due to the autonomous nature of the source, its use is based on the will of the parties and therefore, has the same value as any other contractual agreement. Which makes the cogent national norms curtail for its use, most of them are included in Obligations Code (Obligacijski zakonik). Another important part of national system are customs some of which are codified in a book by title Special Usages for Construction (Posebne gradbene uzance). The paper emphasizes that the above-mentioned regulations, differ from each other, which is understandable given the international nature of the FIDIC Red Book, however, can cause problems and confusion when used in combination. Complex situation is best explained on an example of so called “supervisor” which is specifically required by the national legislation and has no equivalent in the FIDIC Red Book. On the other side we have the role of “engineer” that is essential for the system established by the latter. Difficulties arise because their tasks often overlap and are often fulfilled by one person, that therefore acts as an engineer and supervisor. Nevertheless, those are two separate and independent systems of regulating, that overlap in certain areas. Thus each can be used on its own and are not hierarchically equivalent. The problem of two overlapping systems is also evident when facing one of the base issues of the Paper that addresses Article 656 of the Obligations Code. It regulates the situation when the parties include a provision on the immutability of the price in the contract and limits them when doing so. On the other hand, the FIDIC Red Book knows no such limitations and bases the system on the freedom of the contractual parties. That is crucial for the other provisions that deal with contract price and its subsequent changes and are included in the Contract by the parties in form of general provisions. When combining the issues above with the area that is not directly regulated by the law but left to business practice, we can see an interesting interplay of legal sources that primarily regulate larger construction projects. gradbena pogodba Rdeča knjiga FIDIC sprememba cen pri gradbeni pogodbi Obligacijski zakonik določitev cene cena na enoto mere sprememba cen elementov priznavanje podražitev inženir nadzornik posebne gradbene uzance construction contract FIDIC Red book change in price under the construction contract Obligations code price determination price per unit of measurement change in price elements engineer supervisor special construction usages true true false G. Kavnik Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2025-05-26 11:48:58 2025-09-03 14:54:31 2025-09-04 12:59:39 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VII, 71 str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 347.4/.5:69(043.3) 247571971 MAG_Kavnik_Gasper_2025.pdf MAG_Kavnik_Gasper_2025.pdf 1 BF610D6D5F68F1DA101B1B151EA7E60E f2a643c0b55f6d36bba8fe8a98f06b227ef3b52fb713bac31e365add85da0667 3706c169-42b8-11f0-872c-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=191896 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0