20.500.12556/DKUM-93278 Advancing nanofluid numerical modelling: A novel Euler–Lagrange method with experimental validation We present a novel approach to numerical modelling of thermal nanofluids based on the Euler–Lagrange method. This approach overcomes the challenge of extremely fine temporal discretization, which previous Euler–Lagrange nanofluid numerical models struggled to address, while also avoiding the need for too many Lagrangian nanoparticles. A numerical uncertainty assessment method is adapted for the proposed approach. The model is validated with a simple verification case and applied to simulate a closed natural circulation loop heat exchanger operating with heating power ranging from 10 W to 50 W and nanoparticle volume fractions of 0.5% to 2%, using an Al2O3–water nanofluid. Results are compared with experimental temperature measurements and an Euler–Euler implementation of the same nanofluid. The model is also applied to simulate the natural convection inside a vertical enclosure, studied experimentally by other authors. The proposed novel approach demonstrates agreement with both experimental data and the Euler–Euler implementation, effectively capturing the overall behaviour of nanofluids. We establish, that the interplay of multiple transport phenomena, that occur in nanofluid operated devices, can be difficult to completely reproduce numerically within the framework of current modelling assumptions. Euler–Lagrange nanofluid modelling numerical uncertainty assessment natural convection loop simulation nanoparticle concentration analysis nanofluid heat transfer Euler-Lagrangeovo modeliranje nanotekočin ocena numerične negotovosti simulacija naravne konvekcijske zanke analiza koncentracije nanodelcev prenos toplote z nanotekočinami true false true Elsevier B.V. Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931025005861?via%3Dihub Članek v reviji 2025-06-17 16:14:02 2025-06-17 16:14:03 2025-06-18 03:08:55 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Str. 1-16 Vol. 251, [article no.] 127247 Nov. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2025-01-10 2025-05-11 2025-06-03 532:620.3:004.94 239614467 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127247 1879-2189 1-s2.0-S0017931025005861-main.pdf 1-s2.0-S0017931025005861-main.pdf 1 9C8335E95BAA0456240696F8AC4108B7 ce7d751f7ef9efaf1619e3aef14414f486fecdef13098a1b508d5889f7ee7012 3187f3ef-4b86-11f0-9f54-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=192323 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931025005861?via%3Dihub 0 388b0159-4b86-11f0-9f54-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=192324 Fakulteta za strojništvo 0 0 0