20.500.12556/DKUM-93753 Kaznovanje v antiki diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje Punishment in antiquity V zaključnem delu smo se osredotočili na namene in oblike kaznovanja v obdobju antike, pri čemer smo primerjali šest različnih civilizacijskih območij: Perzijo, Mezopotamijo, Kitajsko, Egipt, Grčijo in Rim. V prvem delu smo na osnovi pregleda relevantne literature opredelili temeljne značilnosti kaznovalnih sistemov posameznih družb, pri čemer smo časovno zajeli obdobje med 8. stoletjem pr. n. št. in 5. stoletjem n. št. S pregledom zakonikov in pravnih sistemov posameznih civilizacij smo predstavili kontekst kaznovanja, njegove temeljne značilnosti in vrednote, ki so oblikovale pristop do kaznovanja odklonskega vedenja. V nadaljevanju smo izvedli primerjalno analizo, ki je pokazala, da so bile kaznovalne prakse v vseh obravnavanih kulturah globoko zakoreninjene v religiji, družbeni hierarhiji in razumevanju pravičnosti. Čeprav je v strokovni literaturi perzijski sistem pogosto predstavljen kot posebej krut in nečloveški, primerjava razkrije, da so bile tudi druge civilizacije (grška, egipčanska, rimska, mezopotamska in kitajska) nosilke kaznovalnih oblik, ki so bile pogosto enako stroge, brutalne ali ponižujoče. Kazni so tako segale od smrtnih obsodb, denarnih kazni in izgona do zasužnjevanja, telesnega pohabljanja in simbolnih oblik sramotenja. Namen kaznovanja v antiki je bil večplasten, kazen pa je bila sredstvo za vzdrževanje reda in družbene discipline, izraz božanske volje, oblika povračila za storjeno krivico (retribucija) ter način zastraševanja širše skupnosti. V določenih primerih je služila tudi zaščiti družbe pred posameznikom ali skupino, ki naj bi ogrožala obstoječi red. V številnih primerih, zlasti v Mezopotamiji, so bile kazni izrazito nesorazmerne glede na težo zločina. In the diploma thesis, we focus on the purposes and forms of punishment in antiquity, comparing six different civilizational areas: Persia, Mesopotamia, China, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In the first part, we defined the basic characteristics of the penal systems of individual societies based on a review of relevant literature, covering the period from the 8th century BC to the 5th century AD. By reviewing the codes and legal systems of individual civilisations, we presented the context of punishment, its fundamental characteristics, and the values that shaped the approach to punishing deviant behaviour. We conducted a comparative analysis that showed that in all studied cultures, penal practices were deeply rooted in religion, social hierarchy, and understanding of justice. Although the Persian system is often portrayed in the literature as particularly cruel and inhumane, a comparison reveals that other civilisations (Greek, Egyptian, Roman, Mesopotamian, and Chinese) also practised punitive forms that were often equally severe, brutal, or humiliating. Punishments ranged from death sentences, fines, and exile to enslavement, mutilation, and symbolic forms of humiliation. The purpose of punishment in antiquity was multifaceted, and the punishment served as a means of maintaining order and social discipline, an expression of divine will, a form of retribution for injustice, and a way to intimidate the wider community. In some cases, it also served to protect society from an individual or group that was perceived as a threat to the existing order. In many cases, especially in Mesopotamia, the punishments were extremely disproportionate to the crime. diplomske naloge punishment antiquity order society true true false Z. Kovač Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-07-17 20:59:50 2025-09-26 14:45:39 2025-09-27 03:37:21 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Ljubljana 2025 Ljubljana V f., 37 str. 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 343.8"652"(043.2) 250685955 UN_Kovac_Zala_2025.pdf UN_Kovac_Zala_2025.pdf 1 EF22F0AFEAF417153B71B45AC0BFC699 3408efa4c98b35bb5e9b4b35513785d5eaaafc75fd53eeacd0315d31d279730c f3f3bc21-8c99-11f0-9059-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=197845 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0