20.500.12556/DKUM-94256 Globoko evtektična topila kot trajnostna alternativa pri ekstrakciji bioaktivnih spojin iz olupkov kakija (Diospyros Kaki L.) Deep eutectic solvents as a sustainable alternative in the extraction of bioactive compounds from kaki peels (Diospyros Kaki L.) Diplomsko delo obravnava uporabo globoko evtektičnih topil (GET) kot trajnostne alternative organskim topilom pri ekstrakciji fenolnih spojin iz olupkov kakija (Diospyros kaki L.). Olupki predstavljajo pomemben stranski produkt agroživilske industrije, bogat z antioksidanti, ki se zaradi pomanjkanja ustrezne predelave pogosto obravnava kot odpadek. V raziskavi sta bili uporabljeni sorti Tipo in Riojo Brillante. Pripravljena so bila tri različna GET v molarnem razmerju 1:2 (HBA:HBD) holin klorid z mlečno kislino, holin klorid z ocetno kislino in holin klorid z 1,2-propandiolom, ter primerjalno 70 % etanol kot konvencionalno organsko topilo. Ekstrakcija je potekala z metodo ultrazvočne ekstrakcije (UAE), ki omogoča boljši izkoristek pri zmernih temperaturah in zmanjšano porabo topil. Ekstrakti so bili analizirani s tekočinsko kromatografijo visoke ločljivosti (HPLC) za identifikacijo in kvantifikacijo sedmih izbranih fenolnih spojin: galne kisline, (+) katehina, klorogenske kisline, florizina, kaempferol-3-O-glukozida, kaempferol-3-O-rutinozida in kvercetin-3-β-O-glukopiranozida. Antioksidativna aktivnost je bila ovrednotena z metodo skupne vsebnosti fenolov (TPC) in z DPPH testom. Rezultati so pokazali, da so GET, zlasti na osnovi mlečne in ocetne kisline, dosegla primerljivo ali višjo ekstrakcijsko učinkovitost v primerjavi z etanolom, pri čemer so bile ugotovljene razlike med sortama. Najvišja koncentracija skupnih fenolov je bila dosežena pri uporabi GET holin klorid : mlečna kislina pri sorti Riojo Brillante, medtem ko je največja radikalno-lovilna sposobnost z DPPH testom pripadala ekstraktu, pripravljenemu z GET na osnovi ocetne kisline. Dobljeni rezultati potrjujejo potencial GET kot okolju prijazne alternative organskim topilom za pridobivanje bioaktivnih spojin iz odpadne biomase, s čimer prispevajo k uresničevanju načel krožnega gospodarstva in trajnostnega razvoja. This thesis examines the potential of deep eutectic solvents (DES) as a sustainable alternative to conventional organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds from persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) peels. Persimmon peels, an agro-industrial by-product rich in antioxidants, are often discarded as waste despite their high content of health-promoting compounds. Two cultivars, Tipo and Riojo Brillante, were selected for this study. Three DES were prepared at a 1:2 molar ratio (HBA:HBD) choline chloride with lactic acid, choline chloride with acetic acid, and choline chloride with 1,2-propylene glycol. For comparison, 70% ethanol was used as a conventional solvent. The extraction was carried out using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), which allows improved yield at moderate temperatures with reduced solvent consumption. The obtained extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify and quantify seven selected phenolic compounds: gallic acid, (+) catechin, chlorogenic acid, phloridzin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin-3-β-O-glucopyranoside. Antioxidant activity was determined using the total phenolic content (TPC) assay and the DPPH radical scavenging test. The results revealed that DES, particularly those based on lactic acid and acetic acid, achieved comparable or higher extraction efficiency than ethanol, with notable differences between the two cultivars. The highest TPC values were obtained with choline chloride : lactic acid DES for the Kaki Rojo Brillante cultivar, while the strongest radical scavenging activity in the DPPH test was recorded for the extract prepared with choline chloride : acetic acid DES. The findings confirm the potential of DES as environmentally friendly solvents for the recovery of bioactive compounds from agri-food waste, contributing to the principles of circular economy and sustainable development. globoko evtektična topila kakijevi olupki trajnostna alternativa ekstrakcije antioksidanti deep eutectic solvents persimmon peels sustainable alternative extractions antioxidants true true false [E. Inkret] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-08-11 15:41:26 2025-09-12 14:28:17 2025-09-26 09:38:01 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 66.061.3:547.56(043.2) 250560259 VS_Inkret_Eva_2025.pdf VS_Inkret_Eva_2025.pdf 1 C6B83DCB051960C19B6B233BF6E3EFB1 fa5689e007b7bd08997fbf32f1743ac8887c55cee03412e882eb541f8a953ada 27f7f932-8fbb-11f0-949c-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=198302 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0