20.500.12556/DKUM-94981 Piramidne sheme kot prikrita oblika gospodarske kriminalitete diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo Pyramid schemes as a hidden form of economic crime Piramidne sheme predstavljajo eno izmed sodobnih oblik gospodarske kriminalitete, ki pod krinko legitimnih naložb in preko družbenih omrežij zavajajo posameznike v finančne prevare. Problem je v tem, da jih je pogosto težko pravočasno prepoznati, zlasti zaradi izkoriščanja psiholoških dejavnikov, pomanjkljive finančne pismenosti in nedoslednega pravnega pregona. Cilj raziskave je bil analizirati razširjenost piramidnih shem, pravni okvir v Sloveniji in tujini ter psihološke in družbene dejavnike, zaradi katerih se posamezniki vključijo v takšne sheme. V empiričnem delu je bila izvedena spletna anketa med prebivalci Slovenije, s katero so se preverjale njihove izkušnje, zaznave tveganja in prepoznavanje značilnosti tovrstnih shem. Rezultati kažejo, da so najbolj ranljive skupine mladi, manj finančno pismeni posamezniki in tisti, ki iščejo hiter zaslužek. V teoretičnem delu so obravnavane temeljne značilnosti piramidnih shem, razlike med zakonitim mrežnim marketingom in nezakonitimi denarnimi verigami ter pregledani najodmevnejši primeri iz Slovenije in tujine. Posebno mesto zavzemata primera Charlesa Ponzija in Bernarda Madoffa, ki sta zaznamovala globalno finančno zgodovino. Družbeni in psihološki vidiki so pokazali, da organizatorji shem izkoriščajo človeške potrebe po pripadnosti, vpliv socialnih omrežij in učinek motivacijskih govorov. Ti mehanizmi pogosto zmanjšujejo kritično presojo posameznika in povečujejo možnost nepremišljene vključitve v shemo. Na podlagi ugotovitev se predlaga večjo zakonodajno jasnost, krepitev nadzornih mehanizmov in obvezno vključevanje finančnega izobraževanja v učne načrte, saj je ozaveščenost ključna za zmanjšanje števila žrtev tovrstnih prevar. Pyramid schemes are one of the modern forms of economic crime. Under the cover of legitimate investments and through social networks, they mislead people into financial fraud. The main issue is that they are often difficult to recognize in time, especially because they take advantage of psychological factors, low financial literacy, and inconsistent law enforcement. The purpose of this research was to examine how widespread pyramid schemes are, the legal framework in Slovenia and abroad, and the psychological and social factors that lead people to get involved in them. In the empirical part, an online survey was carried out among residents of Slovenia, focusing on their experiences, risk perception, and ability to recognize the features of such schemes. The results show that the most vulnerable groups are young people, those with lower financial literacy, and individuals who are looking for quick profits. The theoretical part covers the main characteristics of pyramid schemes, the differences between legitimate multi-level marketing and illegal money chains and reviews the most well-known cases from Slovenia and abroad. Special attention is given to Charles Ponzi and Bernard Madoff, who both left a strong mark on global financial history. The social and psychological aspects highlight how organizers exploit the human need for belonging, the influence of social networks, and the effect of motivational speeches. These mechanisms often reduce people’s critical thinking and increase the chance of them joining a scheme without careful consideration. Based on the findings, the study suggests clearer legislation, stronger supervision, and the inclusion of financial education in school curricula, as awareness is key to reducing the number of victims of these types of fraud. piramidna shema mrežni marketing finančne prevare diplomske naloge pyramid scheme economic crime financial fraud multi-level marketing psychological factors true true false D. Porić Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-09-01 08:38:00 2025-11-14 15:36:01 2025-11-15 03:10:17 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Ljubljana 2025 Ljubljana IX f., 51 str. 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 343.37(043.2) 257303299 VS_Poric_Damir_2025.pdf VS_Poric_Damir_2025.pdf 1 D07A7A2F7999A9E95458554229E91066 9b32f4351e81c3d653e643df0ecdf76bebe760a8d7952dcee1511e6a8d718905 e49d28b1-8e21-11f0-9a68-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=198079 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0