20.500.12556/DKUM-95007 Sankcioniranje "prihodnjega zločina": problematika virtualne otroške pornografije problematika virtualne otroške pornografije Sanctioning "future crime": the problem of virtual child pornography magistrsko delo Številne mednarodne konvencije, kot tudi kazenskopravna zakonodaja držav po svetu, definira otroško pornografijo kot gradivo, ki prikazuje mladoletnika (osebo, mlajšo od osemnajst let) med spolnim dejanjem ali pa spolne organe te osebe z nekim spolnim namenom. Definicije med seboj nekoliko variirajo, vendar pa se še večja težava in razlikovanje pojavi pri pojmu virtualne otroške pornografije, ki jo identični pravni viri definirajo v veliki večini kot vsebine, ki prikazujejo mladoletnike (torej osebe mlajše od osemnajst let), ki pa niso resnične, ampak v celoti računalniško ustvarjene. To je vrsta otroške pornografije, ki se nahaja predvsem na spletu, najdemo pa jo tudi v fizični obliki (na primer japonski stripi – mange). Nekatere države sankcionirajo in v celoti prepovedujejo virtualno otroško pornografijo, spet druge jo dovoljujejo in v njej ne vidijo ničesar spornega. V veliki meri pa sankcioniranje te temelji na strahu pred ''prihodnjim zločinom''. Oblasti se bojijo, da bi gledanje takih vsebin, čeprav slednje ne prikazujejo dejanskih otrok in s tem tudi nimamo dejanskih žrtev iz pravnega vidika, kljub temu negativno vplivalo na percepcijo posameznikov in kako ti vidijo otroke. Obstajajo raziskave, ki potrjujejo ta strah in kažejo, da so tisti pedofili, ki so bili izpostavljeni virtualni otroški pornografiji, nato bili motivirani na njeni podlagi, da napadejo in zlorabijo otroke v resničnem svetu, izven računalniškega zaslona. Na drugi strani pa obstajajo povsem nasprotujoče raziskave, ki trdijo, da ne obstaja povezava med tem, kaj nekdo gleda ter tem, kako se bo v prihodnosti obnašal. Vse naj bi bilo po njihovem mnenju odvisno od osebnosti vsakega posameznika, njegovih vrednot, odnosa do prava in tako naprej, ne pa od tega ali gledajo virtualno otroško pornografijo ali ne. Prav to je glavna problematika tega področja. Glede na med seboj nasprotujoče si raziskave, stoji argument strahu na izjemno tankem ledu, kar pomeni, da ne bi smel biti dovolj za sankcioniranje tako širokega pojma, kot je virtualna otroška pornografija, ki lahko obsega številne vsebine, ki morda sploh ne bi smele biti opredeljene kot takšne. Zakonodaje držav po svetu se razlikujejo med seboj glede tega, kaj sploh spada pod virtualno otroško pornografijo, ali naj bi se slednja sankcionirala, ali je sploh družbeno sporna, kako naj bi se jo sankcioniralo za najvišjo raven učinkovitosti in tako naprej. Težko najdemo določen del te problematike, kjer se med seboj strinjajo. To ne velja le za zakonodaje, ampak kot že omenjeno tudi za raziskave na drugih področjih izven pravne stroke, kot je na primer psihologija. Niti tam se ne morejo zediniti glede tega, kakšen vpliv ima gledanje določenih vsebin in izpostavljenost posameznika tem na njegovo vedenje in ali to povečuje možnost protipravnih ravnanj, povezanih s temi vsebinami, v prihodnosti. Vsa nasprotovanja, dileme in še zmeraj nerešena vprašanja nas lahko pripeljejo do zaključka, da dokler nimamo trdnejših dokazov o vplivu virtualne otroške pornografije na pedofile in tudi otroke, nimamo podlage za njeno pravno sankcioniranje. Numerous international conventions, as well as the criminal law of countries around the world, define child pornography as material that depicts a minor (a person under the age of eighteen) engaged in a sexual act or the sexual organs of that person for a sexual purpose. The definitions vary somewhat, but an even greater problem and distinction arises with the concept of virtual child pornography, which identical legal sources define in the vast majority as content that depicts minors (i.e. persons under the age of eighteen) who are not real, but entirely computer-generated. This is a type of child pornography that is found mainly online, but can also be found in physical form (for example, Japanese comics - manga). Some countries sanction and completely prohibit virtual child pornography, while others allow it and see nothing objectionable in it. To a large extent, however, the sanctioning of this is based on the fear of "future crime". The authorities fear that viewing such content, even though it does not depict actual children and therefore does not have any actual victims from a legal perspective, would nevertheless negatively affect individuals' perceptions and how they see children. There is research that confirms this fear and shows that those pedophiles who were exposed to virtual child pornography were then motivated on the basis of it to attack and abuse children in the real world, outside the computer screen. On the other hand, there is completely contradictory research that claims that there is no connection between what someone watches and how they will behave in the future. In their opinion, everything depends on the personality of each individual, their values, attitude towards the law and so on, and not on whether they watch virtual child pornography or not. This is precisely the main problem in this area. Given the conflicting research, the fear argument stands on extremely thin ice, meaning that it should not be enough to sanction such a broad concept as virtual child pornography, which can encompass a wide range of content that perhaps should not be defined as such in the first place. The laws of countries around the world do not differ from each other in terms of what even falls under virtual child pornography, how it should be sanctioned, whether it is socially controversial at all, how it should be sanctioned for the highest level of effectiveness, and so on. It is difficult to find a specific part of this issue where they agree with each other. This applies not only to legislation, but, as already mentioned, also to research in other fields outside the legal profession, such as psychology. Even there, they cannot agree on what impact viewing certain content and an individual's exposure to it has on their behavior and whether this increases the possibility of illegal actions related to this content in the future. All the contradictions, dilemmas, and still unresolved questions can lead us to the conclusion that until we have solid evidence about the impact of virtual child pornography on pedophiles and children, we have no basis for legally sanctioning it. pravno varstvo otrok virtualna otroška pornografija otroška pornografija prihodnji zločin otroška pornografija na spletu legal protection of children virtual child pornography child pornography future crime child pornography online true true false S. Sumer Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2025-09-01 19:03:23 2025-10-02 11:02:30 2025-10-03 03:32:48 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (II, 63 str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 343.542.1-053.2(043.3) 251443459 MAG_Sumer_Sara_2025.pdf MAG_Sumer_Sara_2025.pdf 1 C3EC97BE8ED1FF84C6218F8788CB378C da62c481919992ae16cbfa454d2dd19453e79c083ef23c0c21ced8ab12e7d96e 6f5a995a-882b-11f0-96a7-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=197388 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0