20.500.12556/DKUM-95047 Kodificiranje Code Civil (1804) : med pravno tradicijo in revolucionarno reformo magistrsko delo The codification of the Code Civil (1804) : Between legal tradition and revolutionary reform Moderne civilne kodifikacije iz 19. stoletja, so v evropskem prostoru pomenile izjemen prelom v pravni znanosti in revolucijo na področju obravnave civilnega prava. Prva takšna kodifikacija civilnega prava je bil francoski Code civil (1804). Pred 18. stoletjem resnih poskusov kodifikacije na francoskem ozemlju ni bilo, šele z revolucionarnim prevratom so se pojavile težnje h kodificiranju prava, ki bi odpravila zmedo starega režima (ancien régime). Pravo tega obdobja, katero so v revolucionarni dobi, za potrebe razlikovanja med novim in starim režimom, imenovali l'ancien droit, je bilo razdeljena na regijo običajnega prava na severu in regijo rimskega prava na jugu. Ta delitev v povezi s kraljevo zakonodajo je predstavljala zmedo pravnih virov in oteževala poskuse kodificiranja. V času revolucionarnega obdobja je bilo več poskusov kodifikacije prava, vendar zaradi turbulentnega časa v družbi in nestrinjanja glede temeljnih postulatov prava, do nje ni prišlo. Šele z Napoleonovim prevzemom oblasti in ustoličenjem konzulata so se začeli prvi pravi koraki k pripravi civilnega zakonika. Tako je po več letnih prizadevanjih Code civil bil sprejet 21. marca leta 1804. S sprejetjem civilnega zakonika so se uresničile sanje, ki so navdihovale francoske pravnike več stoletij. Code civil je bil edinstven podvig, saj je predstavljal kompromis med tradicijo ancien régime in radikalizmom revolucije. V skladu s t.i. duhom zmernosti je ubral pot med njima in v svojih določbah uspeh ohraniti ravnotežje med reakcionizmom in radikalizmom. V Code civil je moč čutiti vpliv običajnega prava, rimskega prava, kanonskega prava, revolucionarnega prava in kraljevih ordonanc. Po vzoru Gajevih institucij je zakonik razdeljen na tri knjige, v samih določbah pa prevladuje vpliv običajnega prava. Vendar je običajnopravni značaj zakonika bil oslabljen z vključitvijo rimskega prava in revolucionarno miselnostjo časa v katerem je nastal. Določbe Code civil so oblikovane enotno, sistematično, natančno in jasno. Razlog tega je bil v želji po odpravi zmede l'ancien droit. Določbe oblikovane v razumljivem slogu so olajšale implementacijo zakonika v praksi in zagotavljale splošno razumljivost. Tako so na ustrezen način omejili izjeme in nejasnosti. K prefinjenosti zakonika priča tudi njegov vpliv na razvoj prava po svetu. Avtoriteta, prestiž in domet zakonika je primerljiv le z rimskim pravom. The modern civil codes of the 19th century marked a significant turning point in legal science across Europe and constituted a revolution in the field of civil law. The first such civil code was the French Code civil (1804). In France, prior to the 18th century, no serious codification attempts were made. Only with revolutionary upheaval did aspirations emerge to create a unified code which would eliminate the confusion of the ancien régime. The law of that period, referred to during the revolutionary era as l'ancien droit, in order to distinguish it from the new regime, was divided into the region of customary law in the North and Roman law in the South. This division, combined with royal legislation, created a fragmented system of legal sources and hindered earlier codification efforts. During the revolutionary period, there were several attempts to codify the law, but due to social turbulence and disagreements regarding the fundamental postulates of law, none of these efforts came to fruition. Only with Napoleon's rise to power and the ordainment of the Consulate did the first genuine steps toward the preparation of a civil code begin. After several years, the Code civil was finally enacted on March 21, 1804. With its enactment, the long-standing dream of French jurists, that inspired them for centuries, was fulfilled. The Code civil was a unique achievement, as it represented a compromise between the traditions of the ancien régime and the radicalism of the Revolution. In line with the so-called spirit of moderation, it charted a middle path and succeeded in maintaining a balance between reactionary and revolutionary legal elements. Within the Code civil, one can feel the influence of customary law, Roman law, canon law, revolutionary law and the royal ordinances. Modelled after Gaius’ Institutes, the Code was divided into three books, while the content of its provisions was predominantly shaped by customary law. However, this customary character was tempered by the inclusion of Roman legal principles and the revolutionary thinking of the era in which it was created. The provisions of the Code civil were formulated with unity, systematic order, precision and clarity. This was motivated by the desire to eliminate the legal confusion of the l’ancien droit. The use of a clear and accessible drafting style facilitated the Codes implementation in practice and ensured general comprehensibility. Exceptions and ambiguities were appropriately limited. The Codes refinement is further evidenced by its profound influence on the development of law worldwide. Its authority, prestige and reach are rivalled only by that of Roman law. kodifikacija civilni zakonik Code civil (1804) francoska revolucija običajno pravo rimsko pravo pravna zgodovina code civil code Code civil (1804) The French Revolution customary law Roman law legal history true true false P. Ficko Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2025-09-02 19:03:35 2025-10-02 11:03:14 2025-10-03 03:32:48 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Maribor 0 Maribor 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (76 str.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 340.15(043.3) 251463171 MAG_Ficko_Patricija_2025.pdf MAG_Ficko_Patricija_2025.pdf 1 F13A488ADB7DEEFDC0C8DEFF08BD718B 29b435995ce0726e56562290478b0649be67dfac916e053d146679117f3bf64f e0b36dbf-889a-11f0-82a8-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=197427 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0