20.500.12556/DKUM-95161 Mikroekonomski in narodnogospodarski učinki uvedbe carin The microeconomic and macroeconomic consequences of implementing tariffs Po ustanovitvi Svetovne trgovinske organizacije leta 1995 in vstopu Kitajske leta 2001 je mednarodna trgovina doživela hitro integracijo, a se je proces liberalizacije po finančni krizi leta 2008 bistveno upočasnil. V zadnjem desetletju smo priča naraščanju uporabe protekcionističnih zunanjetrgovinskih praks. Carine so davek na uvoženo blago, ki ima obsežne učinke na gospodarstvo. Na mikroekonomski ravni imajo carine redistribucijski učinek, saj povečujejo proizvajalčev presežek v gospodarstvu in javnofinančne prihodke, medtem ko zmanjšujejo potrošnikov presežek in skupno blaginjo v gospodarstvu. Na makroekonomski ravni carine vplivajo na gospodarsko aktivnost in na inflacijska gibanja, tako vplivajo na trgovinsko bilanco, kapitalske tokove, na deviznotečajna gibanja in na stabilnost finančnih trgov, saj povečana negotovost v mednarodni menjavi pogosto vodi v večjo volatilnost na finančnih trgih. Protekcionistični ukrepi, kot so carine, v negotovem okolju še dodatno poglabljajo fragmentacijo svetovnega gospodarstva, kar zmanjšuje učinkovitost globalne alokacije proizvodnih dejavnikov, obenem pa povečuje tveganja za sistemske šoke. Aktualno dogajanje kaže, da postajajo carine in carinska zaščita prevladujoče orodje zunanjetrgovinske politike ZDA. After the establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995 and China’s accession in 2001, international trade experienced rapid integration, but the process of liberalization slowed significantly following the 2008 financial crisis. In the past decade, we have witnessed a growing use of protectionist trade practices. Tariffs are a tax on imported goods that have extensive effects on the economy. At the microeconomic level, tariffs have a redistributive effect: they increase producer surplus and government revenues while reducing consumer surplus and overall welfare in the economy. At the macroeconomic level, tariffs influence economic activity and inflationary dynamics; they affect the trade balance, capital flows, exchange rate movements, and the stability of financial markets, as heightened uncertainty in international trade often leads to greater financial market volatility. Protectionist measures such as tariffs further deepen the fragmentation of the global economy in an uncertain environment, reducing the efficiency of global allocation of production factors and simultaneously increasing the risks of systemic shocks. Current developments indicate that tariffs and tariff protection are becoming the predominant tool of U.S. trade policy. carine protekcionizem liberalizacija globalizacija mednarodna trgovina trgovinska politika tariffs protectionism liberalization globalization international trade trade policy true true false B. Poropat] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-09-08 10:38:21 2025-10-09 11:44:54 2025-10-10 03:19:23 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 339.543 252475907 UN_Poropat_Brina_2025.pdf UN_Poropat_Brina_2025.pdf 1 76F03A891CFF94A33EBDDBD23FB030D2 e245a2bfc0e6a49392752b5db8730720c2b79fab23f9d314c4fd3bd39c9dc504 746c5735-984f-11f0-8a3e-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=199023 Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta 0 0 0